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DH 506 Orthodontics for the Dental Hygienist > Orthodontic Diagnostics > Flashcards

Orthodontic Diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of motivation for seeking treatment?

A

External and internal.

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2
Q

Describe external motivation:

A
  • pressure from another individual
  • reluctant child who is brought for orthodontic treatment by a determined parent
  • adult seeking treatment because new significant other wants their teeth to look better
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3
Q

Describe internal motivation:

A
  • comes from within the individual and is based on his/her own assessment of the situation and desire for treatment
  • cooperation is improved if the client genuinely wants treatment rather than tolerating it to please a parent
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4
Q

What are the four (4) elements of consent?

A
  1. the consent must be related to the treatment
  2. the consent must be informed
  3. the consent must be given voluntarily
  4. the consent must not be obtained through misrepresentation or fraud.
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5
Q

What constitutes informed consent?

A

a consent to treatment is informed if, prior to giving it;

  • the person received the information that a reasonable person in the same circumstance would require in order to make a decision about treatment; and,
  • the person received responses to his or her requests for additional information about those matters.
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6
Q

What are the elements of clinical evaluation?

A
  1. evaluate and document oral health, jaw function, facial proportions, and smile characteristics.
  2. decide which diagnostic records are required.
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7
Q

Explain orthodontic tooth movement as it relates to compression and tension:

A
  • Mechanical force on a tooth causes compression of the PDL on one side and tension on the other side.
  • Compression: associated with aseptic injury and bone resorption.
  • Tension: associated with bone formation.
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8
Q

What are macro esthetics?

A

Facial proportions in all 3 planes of space:

-ex. asymmetry, excessive or deficient face height, and maxillary or mandibular deficiency or excess.

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9
Q

What are mini esthetics?

A

The dentition in relation to the face:
-ex. the teeth at rest, during speech, and while smiling. It includes assessments as excessive gingival display, inadequate anterior tooth display, inappropriate gingival heights, and excessive or deficient buccal corridors.

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10
Q

What are micro esthetics?

A

The teeth in relation to each other:
-ex. assesses tooth proportions in height and width, gingival shape and contour, connectors and embrasures, black triangular holes, and tooth shade.

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11
Q

What are the four (4) aspects of oral function that require evaluation?

A
  1. mastication (includes swallowing)
  2. speech
  3. sleep apnea
  4. TMJ function
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12
Q

Describe mastication…

A
  • clients with severe malocclusion will often have difficulty chewing in a socially acceptable manner
  • may take extra effort to chew
  • may have troubles with cheek or lip biting during mastication
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13
Q

Describe speech (lisp):

A

anterior open bite, large gap between the incisors

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14
Q

Describe speech (difficulty in production):

A

irregular incisors especially lingual position of maxillary incisors

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15
Q

Describe speech (distortion of th” “sh” and “ch” sounds):

A

anterior open bite

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16
Q

Describe sleep apnea…

A
  • may be related to mandibular deficiency and this functional problem is the reason for seeking orthodontic consult.
  • oral appliance to advance the mandible may be effective but only in mild conditions.
17
Q

Explain TMJ problems…

A
  • if mandible moves normally, its function is not impacted.
  • restricted movement usually means there is a functional problem.
  • most important single indicator joint function is the amount of maximum opening.
  • palpating the muscles of mastication and TM joints should be a routine portion of dental examinations.
  • document joint pain, noise, or limitations opening.
18
Q

What is the “golden rule”?

A

The apparent width of the lateral incisor should be 62% of the width of the central incisor, the apparent width of the canine should be 62% of the lateral incisor, and the apparent width of the first premolar should be 62% of the canine.

19
Q

What are the two types of smile analysis?

A
  1. Social smile: reasonably reproducible and is the one that is presented to the world routinely.
  2. Enjoyment smile: varies with the emotion being displayed.
20
Q

Which smile analysis does orthodontic diagnosis focus on?

A

Social smile.

21
Q

What is bilateral symmetry?

A
  • symmetry in the 5ths of the face and proportionality of the widths of the eyes/nose/mouth.
  • small degree of bilateral symmetry exists in most normal individuals.
22
Q

What is vertical facial thirds symmetry?

Hint: 1:1:1

A

The distance from: the hairline to the base of the nose, base of the nose to bottom of nose, bottom of the nose to chin = should be the same.

23
Q

What is dental age?

A
  • a measure of dental development based on the number of permanent teeth present.
  • dental age may be used to calculate chronological age.
24
Q

Why is physical development so important?

A

-the degree of physical development is much more important than chronological age in determining how much growth remains.

25
Q

Why is developmental age important?

A

-important for children around the age of puberty when most orthodontic treatment begins.

26
Q

Chronological age:

A
  • the amount of time elapsed since an individual’s birth, typically expressed in terms of months and years.
  • also called calendar age.
27
Q

What may be included in diagnostic records?

A
  • health of teeth and oral structures: extra and intraoral photos, panoramic radiograph, CBCT.
  • alignment and occlusal relationships of the teeth: physical (impressions + wax bite) or virtual (scanning) models. Facial and jaw proportions: facial photographs, digital cephalometric radiographs, panoramic and computed tomography images (CT). Clinically evaluate the client’s face using both a lateral cephalometric radiograph and facial photographs (sometimes CT images)
  • minor treatment does not require radiographs
  • *CBCT is needed for impacted teeth, skeletal asymmetry and other special problem.
28
Q

What is the importance of a panoramic x-ray in orthodontic treatment?

A
  • view of mandibular condyles which screen for problems and determine if CT, MRI, TM required
  • yields broader view and more likely to show any pathologic lesions/supernumerary teeth or impacted teeth
  • less radiation
29
Q

What is the importance of a cephalometric x-ray in orthodontic treatment?

A
  • skeletal and dental relationship – how major components of the face are related to each other
  • allows greater precision
  • not needed for class 1 malocclusion
  • 50-100 landmarks

DH 506 Orthodontics for the Dental Hygienist (5 decks)

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