Biological Basis of Orthodontic Treatment

Question 1

What is the key to producing orthodontic tooth movement?

Answer 1

• the application of sustained force.

- it does not have to be continuous but it must be present for a considerable percentage of the day).

Question 2

What are intermittent forces?

Answer 2

Force levels decline to 0 intermittently, when an orthodontic appliance or elastic attached to a fixed appliance is removed by the client, and then returned to the original level sometime later.

Question 3

How can intermittent force be obtained in orthodontic treatment?

Answer 3

Produced by all client-activated appliances such as removable headgear and elastics.

Question 4

What is the recommended frequency for orthodontic adjustments?

Answer 4

4-8 Week Appointment Cycle…

Question 5

What can happen if an appliance is activated to frequently?

Answer 5

It can short circuit the repair process and can produce damage to the teeth or bone that a longer appointment cycle would have prevented or minimized.

Question 6

What is the orthodontic definition of anchorage?

Answer 6

Resistance to unwanted tooth movement.

Question 7

What is reciprocal tooth movement?

Answer 7

When two teeth or resistance units of equal size pull against each other.

Question 8

Give an example of reciprocal tooth movement.

Answer 8

Reciprocal closure of a maxillary midline diastema.

Question 9

What is reinforced anchorage?

Answer 9

The first molar and the second premolar in each arch are approximately equal in surface area to the canine and two incisors. The anchorage of the posterior teeth could be reinforced by adding the second molar to the posterior unit.

Question 10

What is stationary anchorage?

Answer 10

Refers to the advantage that can be obtained by pitting bodily movement of one group of teeth against tipping of another.

Question 11

What is cortical anchorage?

Answer 11

Extreme tipping of maxillary incisors from excessive and poorly controlled orthodontic forces.

Question 12

What are the two (2) types of skeletal anchorage?

Answer 12

1. Screws placed through the gingiva into the alveolar bone.
2. Bone anchors placed beneath the soft tissue so that the posterior teeth can be intruded or the anterior teeth retracted. Only the tube for attachment of the springs will extend into the oral cavity.

Question 13

What are the two (2) types of protrusion?

Answer 13

• Passive.

- Active.

Question 14

Explain passive protrusion:

Answer 14

-The mandible is held forward by the orthodontic appliance.

Question 15

Give an example of a passive appliance:

Answer 15

-The Frankel.

Question 16

Explain active protrusion:

Answer 16

-The client responds to the appliance by using his/her muscles to hold the mandible forwards.

Question 17

Give an example of an active appliance:………………..

Answer 17

-The Herbst.