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Ortho > Orthodontic Classification, Terminology and IOTN > Flashcards

Orthodontic Classification, Terminology and IOTN Flashcards

1
Q

What questions in family history are specific to an ortho patient?

A

Does the family have any similar dental problems?

  • Eg) Missing teeth or Skeletal III

Previous history of orthodontic treatment in the family?

  • Shows attitudes and compliance towards ortho
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2
Q

What are some questions about past dental history you may ask an orthodontic patient? (3)

A
  1. Have they had any treatment in the past such as extractions
  2. Have they had any past trauma
  3. Any digit sucking habits
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3
Q

Define A-P Skeletal Patterns:

  • I
  • II
  • III
A

I = Normal relationship

II = Mandible relatively retrusive (behind upper jaw)

III = Mandible relatively protrusive (infront of upper jaw)

(Class III can appear to look completely flat from chin to top of lip)

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4
Q

Name these two lines of the image

A

Going across - Frankfurt plane

Going down - Zero Meridian line

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5
Q

What are the 3 components of a skeletal relationship that we need to assess?

A

Anteroposterior (A-P)

Vertical

Transverse

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6
Q

Assess these patients Frankfort Mandibular Planes Angle (FMPA)

A
  1. High angle (Lines cross in front of the occiput)
  2. Average angle (Lines cross at occiput)
  3. Low angle (Lines cross behind occiput)
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7
Q

When assessing the lips, if they are deemed incompetent what does this mean?

A

Lips do not meet at rest

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8
Q

At rest when you lift the patient’s upper lip where should the lower lip cover until?

A

Cover lower third of upper incisior

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9
Q

Describe the lip morphology of these 3 patients

A
  1. Normal Lips
  2. Thin Lips
  3. Full Lips
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10
Q

How can a skeletal II relation in a patient lead to lip incompetence?

A

The mandible is so far back in a patient that the lips meeting at rest causes to much strain on the patient

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11
Q

What is the line in this picture?

A

Ricket’s E-Line

This can help show if a patients lips are protrusive or retrusive of this line

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12
Q

What does this image display?

A

Incisal Display

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13
Q

What are the 3 components of a dental arch assessment?

A
  1. Alignment of teeth (any rotations)
  2. Spaces or Crowding
  3. The inclination of the teeth
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14
Q

What are the 3 ways teeth can be inclined?

A

Normal

Proclined

Retroclined

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15
Q

When giving a measurement of crowding in mm’s what are you refering to?

A

How much space is there missing for all the teeth to be in line

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16
Q

How many mm’s is considered

  1. Mild crowding
  2. Moderate crowding
  3. Severe crowding
A
  1. <4mm
  2. 4-8mm
  3. >8mm
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17
Q

How do you classify spacing in your notes?

A

Spacing can be either generalised or localised

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18
Q

Describe a normal inclination of incisors

A

The crown of the tooth is more buccal (anterior) than the root

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19
Q

Describe what you can see in this image clinically

A

Proclined incisor

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20
Q

Describe what you can see in this image clinically

A

Retroclined incisor

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21
Q

Describe the different classes of incisor relationships based on the relation between lower incisors to palatal aspect of upper incisors

  1. Class I
  2. Class II
  3. Class III
A
  1. Occlude at cingulum plateua
  2. Occlude posteriorly to cingulum plateua
  3. Occlude anteriorly to cingulum plateua
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22
Q

What type of incisor relationship is this?

A

Class I

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23
Q

What type of incisor relationship is this?

A

Class II division 1:

Incisal edges of the mandibular incisors occlude palatal to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors. The maxillary incisors are proclined. There is usually an increased overjet.

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24
Q

What type of incisor relationship is this?

A

Class II division 2:

The incisal edges of the mandibular incisors occlude palatal to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors. The upper incisors are retroclined.

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25
Q

What type of incisor relationship is this?

A

Class III:

The incisal edge of the mandibular incisors occlude anterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors.

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26
Q

What is overjet?

A

Horizontal distance between incisal edge of upper incisors and labial face of lower incisors

27
Q

What is overbite?

A

Vertical overlap of lower incisors by upper incisors

28
Q

What is the red line showing?

29
Q

What is the red line showing?

30
Q

Describe where you would see the upper incisors overlap the lower inscisors for

  1. A normal overbite
  2. A reduced overbite
  3. A increased overbite
A
  1. Normal: in middle 1/3rd of lower incisor
  2. Reduced: in incisal 1/3rd
  3. Increased: in gingival 1/3rd
31
Q

Describe:

  1. A class I molar relationship
  2. A class II molar relationship
  3. A class III molar relationship
A
  1. Class I: Mesio-buccal cusp of maxillary first molar occludes in the mid-buccal groove of the mandibular first molar
  2. Class II: Maxillary first molar occludes mesial to class I position
  3. Class III: Maxillary first molar occludes distal to class I position
32
Q

Describe clinically what you see

A

Class I molar relationship

33
Q

Describe clinically what you see

A

Class II molar relationship

34
Q

Describe clinically what you see

A

Class III molar relationship

35
Q

In order to see if a patient can receive orthodontic treatment they must be judged againts the dental health component using the abreviation MOCDO

What does MOCDO standfor

A
  • Missing teeth (impacted teeth)
  • Overjet (>+6mm;>-3.5mm)
  • Crossbites (displacements >2mm)
  • Displacement of contact points (>4mm)
  • Overbite with trauma
36
Q

What are the two components needed for the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN)?

A

Dental Health Compnent

Aestethic Component

37
Q

Give some reasons why teeth may be missing

A

*Congenital absence

*Traumatic loss

*Ectopic teeth

*Impacted teeth

*Hypodontia with pre-orthodontic implications >1 tooth per quadrant 5h

*Hypodontia with pre-orthodontic implications, one tooth per quadrant 4h

38
Q

If there is an impacted or ectopic tooth this would indicate a great need for treatment and grade…?

39
Q

What is the dental health component of the IOTN for an oj >9mm?

40
Q

What is the dental health component of the IOTN for an oj >6mm but <9mm?

41
Q

What do we consider when trying to grade a pt for IOTN with a reverse overjet?
What qualifies as a grade 5?

A

*All four incisors must be in lingual occlusion

*Assess for speech and masticatory problems

*Reverse overjet > 3.5 with masticatory or speech problems grade 5

42
Q

Name the most severe grade of crossbite in the IOTN

A

Crossbite with a discrepancy of CO:CR >2mm then it is a Grade 4c

4l= posterior lingual x-bite

43
Q

How do we measure displacment of contact points for the IOTN?

A

*Look for worst area of crowding

*Measure between the anatomical contact points in the occlusal plane using lines on the ruler

44
Q

What is the combination of DHC and aesthetic component needed to qualify for NHS tx?

A

With an DHC of > 3d, an AC of > 6 will qualify for NHS funded treatment

45
Q

Name some limitations of the IOTN

A

*No account for skeletal/soft tissue factors

*Relates only to dental factors

*No account for growth potential

*Favourable (Class II) or Unfavourable (Class III)

*Not an index of treatment complexity

*Extract primary tooth DHC fall 5 to 2

*Insensitive to patient ‘demands’

*No account of patient concerns

*No account of skeletal soft tissue factors

*Psycho-social effects of malocclusion

*Generalised spacing not recorded

46
Q

What is 5h in the IOTN

A

Extensive hypodontia with restorative implications (more than 1 tooth missing in any quadrant) requiring pre-restorative orthodontics

47
Q

What is 5p in the IOTN

A

Defects of clept lip & palate and other cranialfacial anomolies

48
Q

What is 5s in the IOTN

A

Submerged deciduous teeth

49
Q

What is 4b in the IOTN

A

Reverse overjet greater than 3.5mm with no masticatory or speech difficulties

50
Q

What is 4m in the IOTN

A

Reverse overjet greater than 1mm, less than 3.5mm with recorded masticatory or speech difficulties

51
Q

What is 4c in the IOTN?

A

Anterior or posterior x-bites with >2mm discrepancy between RCP and ICP

52
Q

What is 4l in the IOTN?

A

Posterior lingual x-bite with no functional occlusal contact in one or both buccal segments

53
Q

What is 4d in the IOTN?

A

Severe contact point displacements greater than 4mm

54
Q

What is 4e in the IOTN?

A

Extreme lateral or anterior open bites greater than 4mm

55
Q

What is 4f in the IOTN?

A

Increased and complete overbite with gingival/palatal trauma

56
Q

What is 4t in the IOTN?

A

Partially erupted teeth, tipped and impacted against adjacent teeth

57
Q

What is 4x in the IOTN?

A

Presence of supernumerary teeth

58
Q

What is 3a in the IOTN?

A

Increased overjet >3.5mm, but less than or equal to 6mm, with incompetent lips

59
Q

What is 3b in the IOTN?

A

Reverse OJ greater than 1mm, less or equal to 3.5mm

60
Q

What is 3c in the IOTN?

A

Ant/Post x-bites with >1mm; less or equal to 2mm discrepancy between RCP and ICP

61
Q

What is 3d in the IOTN?

A

Contact point displacements >2mm; less or equal to 4mm

62
Q

What is 3e in the IOTN?

A

Lateral or anterior open bite >2mm; less than or equal to 4mm

63
Q

What is 3f in the IOTN?

A

Deep overbite complete on gingival or palatal tissues but no trauma

Ortho (18 decks)

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