Assessment and diagnosis

Question 1

If a pt is under 16, who can consent for them?

Answer 1

someone with parental responsibility can consent for them.
This could be:
* the child’s mother or father
* the child’s legally appointed guardian
* a person with a residence order concerning the child
* a local authority designated to care for the child
* a local authority or person with an emergency protection order for the child

Question 2

Name the general history you need to ensure you’ve taken of an orthodontic patient

Answer 2

○ Patient details: name, DOB, who have they attended with? Contact details …
○ Referrer’s details: GDP / Specialist Practitioner / Another clinician, why?
○ Presenting complaint: child’s opinion? parent’s opinion? patient motivation?
○ Medical History: Up to date? Signed by patient/guardian, summary recorded on assessment form
○ Dental History: Regular attender? Caries risk? Trauma history? Previous treatment, attitude towards orthodontics, habits? - what, duration? History of hypodontia, class III growth …
○ Family/Social History: Any siblings that have needed treatment, complexity and with who? Occupation if an adult

Question 3

Why must the anterior-posterior and vertical skeletal assessment be performed with the patient in Natural Head Posture/ the Frankfort Plane parallel to the floor?

Answer 3

• Reproducible
• Standardized
• Used in Cephalometry

Question 4

How is the anterior-posterior plane measured?

Answer 4

Performed by placing first finger and middle finger in the maximum concavities of the maxilla & mandible, respectively, & assessing the change in their inclination

Question 5

Describe what a skeletal I relationship is

Answer 5

Mandible lies 2-4mm behind the maxilla

‘Average’ relationship between maxilla and mandible

Question 6

Describe what a skeletal II relationship is

Answer 6

*Mandible lies >4mm behind the maxilla
*Mandible is retrusive relative to the maxilla

Question 7

Describe what a skeletal III relationship is

Answer 7

Mandible is in line with or ahead of the maxilla
*i.e. Mandible is protrusive relative to the maxilla

Question 8

What is bimaxillary proclination?

Answer 8

Bimaxillary proclination is where both the upper and lower incisors are proclined, and the proclined upper incisors will automatically have an increased overjet even if the lower incisors occlude with the middle third of the palatal surface of the upper incisors.