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ORTHODONTICS FLASHCARDS > ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES > Flashcards

ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES Flashcards

1
Q

what are removable appliances

A

are ortho appliances (braces) which are NOT attached to the teeth and can be removed for cleaning and sporting activities.

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2
Q

what are the uses of removable appliances

A
  • conventional removable appliances
  • removable functional appliances
    -removable retainers (essix etc)
  • aligner treatment eg invisalign
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3
Q

what are the 4 components of a conventional removable appliance

A
  • 4 KEY COMPONENTS (BARA)
    B - baseplate
    A - active components
    R - retentive components
    A - anchorage
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4
Q

what are some ACTIVE COMPONENTS within a conventional removable appliance

A
  • springs
  • screws
  • bows
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5
Q

what determines the force produced by a component (ie springs, screws, bows…)

A
  • length of wire
  • radius (diameter) of wire
  • elastic modulus (stiffness) of wire
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6
Q

what are the RETENTIVE COMPONENTS of conventional removable appliances

A
  • southend clasps
  • adams clasps
  • delta clasps
  • ball ended clasps
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7
Q

what is the baseplate of a conventional removable appliance?

A
  • made of acrylic
  • holds the components together
  • can incorporate bite planes (posterior and anterior)
  • provides anchorage for the appliance
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8
Q

What is ANCHORAGE

A

This is the resistance to unwanted tooth movement

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9
Q

what information should be provide when designing a removable appliance

A
  • drawing of appliance
  • retentive components
  • active components
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10
Q

list some advantages of a removable appliance (patient perspectives)

A
  • can REMOVE for cleaning
  • can REMOVE for sport/wind instruments
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11
Q

list some advantages of a removable appliance (orthodontic perspective)

A
  • good anchorage
  • can move blocks of teeth
  • cheap
  • less chairside time than fixed appliances
  • easy to adjust
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12
Q

list some limitations for removable appliances (patient perspectives)

A
  • dependant on pt cooperation
  • temp effect on speech/eating
  • lower removable appliance not well tolerated
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13
Q

list some limitations for removable appliances (ortho perspective)

A
  • limited ortho movement (no bodily tooth movement - tipping only)
  • retention post correction can be difficult
  • requires good technical support
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14
Q

what is the equipment required for fitting a removable appliance

A
  • adams pliers
  • spring forming pliers
  • measuring devide
    -acrylic trimmer
  • screw key
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15
Q

what do we do at a first review after pt has been sent away with there removable appliance

A
  • see approx 4 weeks after fit
  • any speech problems?
  • ask if patient has experienced any problems with appliance
  • check appliance for signs of wear
  • check soft tissues for ulceration/indentations
  • review OH
  • record progress of tooth movemements
  • FURTHER REVIEWS ON A 4-6 WEEK BASIS
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16
Q

What are removable appliances most commonly used for?

A

Anterior cross bites (interceptive orthodontics)

17
Q

what are FUNCTIONAL appliances

A

these are orthodontic appliances (braces) which alter the MUSCLE forces against the teeth and craniofacial skeleton.

18
Q

list 3 key terms we use for fucntional appliances

A
  • growth modification
  • growth guidance therapy
  • functional appliance therapy.
19
Q

what is important to note about functional appliances?

A
  • they do not grow the mandible !
  • 70% of change will be DENTO-ALVEOLAR!
20
Q

what factors would make someone suitable for a functional appliance? (6)

A
  • class 2 (commonly used)
  • class 3 (rarely used)
  • mild or moderate skeletal discrepancy
  • need to have good dental health
  • motivated pt
  • GROWING PATIENT (pre-adolescent growth phase)
21
Q

why wouldnt we provide someone with a functional appliance ? (5)

A
  • condylar disease
  • unfavourable facial growth
  • severe class 2 skeletal
  • poor motivation
  • non-growing patient
22
Q

what is the most common removable appliance in the UK

A
  • twinblock appliance
23
Q

what are the advantages of a twin block (5)

A
  • removable design means that it is good for dental health
  • may avoid xlas if good response to treatment
  • may accelerate growth
  • may reduce incidence of trauma
  • may reduce complexity of treatment
24
Q

what are the disadvantages of a twin block (5)

A
  • removable are bulky appliance - pt may not comply
  • fixed (herbst) - have repeated fractures
  • can affect speech
  • can cause soft tissue trauma
  • lack of detailed tooth movements
25
Q

What is a FIXED appliance?

A
  • this is any appliance that is attached to the teeth by banks and brackets
  • the appliance moves the teeth by means of a wire and its interaction with the brackets and the bonds
  • the appliance CANNOT be removed by the patient.
26
Q

what are the 2 materials that ortho wires are made up of?

A
  • nickel titanium
  • stainless steel
27
Q

what is one important factor we would consider for not providing a patient with a FIXED appliance

A
  • pre-existing root resorption
28
Q

list the 5 types of orthodontic tooth movement

A
  • tipping
  • bodily movement
  • extrusion and intrusion
  • rotation
  • torque
29
Q

list the advantages of fixed appliances

A
  • full range of tooth movements possibly
  • increased scope of practice compared to removable appliances
  • provides optimal tooth control
  • flexible
30
Q

what are the PATIENT RISKS for using a FIXED appliance(7)

A
  • demin/caries
  • gingivitis
  • perio destruction
  • soft tissue trauma
  • pulpal necrosis
  • root resorption
  • gingival recession
31
Q

what do we use to bond a bracket/molar tube?

A

etch and composite resin

32
Q

what are molar bands used for?

A
  • headgear
  • auxillaries
  • instead of molar tubes
33
Q

what is the current advice for retainers?

A
  • removable retainers should be worn 7 nights a week
  • removable retainers should be worn for LIFE to hold that smile
  • even with a fixed retainer (behind lower ants and upper ants sometimes) should still wear a removable!
34
Q

what are the two types of removable retainers

A
  • HAWLEY
  • CLEAR PLASTIC (sometimes called essix retainers)
35
Q

what might we see in an orthodontic emergency?

A
  • broken REMOVABLE appliance - if retainer - can replace in house
  • broken FIXED appliance - bracket off - refer, wire out and causing trauma - can cut in emergency, band loose - refer
36
Q

what can we do in primary care of ortho to fix a debonded bracket

A

place ortho wax over the loose bracket to secure (NEED TO SEE ORTHODONTIST!)

37
Q

what can primary care do when a wire is out of the tube in the bracket

A
  • reinsert wire
  • cut wire DISTAL to last bracket (if cutting refer to ortho)
  • use wax to make safe
38
Q

explain the roles of the GDP/THERAPIST within ortho

A
  • diagnosis of malocclusion and referral
  • providing OHI/diet advice
  • awareness of different orthodontic appliances
  • ortho emergencies
  • retention!

ORTHODONTICS FLASHCARDS (3 decks)

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