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PHYSIO 4th yr > ORTHO/NMS > Flashcards

ORTHO/NMS Flashcards

1
Q

Describe type A fracture

A

Rotationally and vertically stable

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2
Q

Describe type A1 fractures

A

Fractures of the pelvis not involving the ring

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3
Q

Describe type A2 fractures

A

Stable, minimally displaced fractures of the ring

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4
Q

Describe type A3 fractures

A

Transverse sacral or coccyx fractures

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5
Q

Treatment for type A pelvic fractures

A

Bed rest until pain subsides (usually 3/52)
Pt mobilized PWB, NWB or FWB according to pain

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6
Q

Describe type B fractures

A

Rotationally unstable and vertically stable

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7
Q

Describe type B1 fractures

A

“Open book”
External rotation injury
Antero-posterior compression fractures
Causing separation of the public symphysis and widening or one or both sacroiliac joints

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8
Q

Treatment for type B fractures

A

If anterior gap is less than 2.5 cm then bedrest for 4/52 the mobilize according to pain

If anterior gap is bigger than 2.5cm external fixator for 6/52 or plates across public symphysis
Start mobilizing PWB

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9
Q

Describe type B2 fracture

A

Internal rotation injury
Ipsilateral compression
Causing the public bones to fracture and override

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10
Q

Describe type B3 fracture

A

Contraleteral compression injury
Resulting in public rami fractures on one side and compression sacroiliac joint injury on the other side

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11
Q

Treatment for B type fracturs

A

B2 and B3 (unstable)
ORIF/traction/ex-fix

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12
Q

CI & precaution for type B

A

No excessive hip external rotation
No sitting higher than 45 degrees hip flexion for 4/52

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13
Q

Describe type C pelvic fracture

A

Rotationally and vertically unstable
The pelvic ring is completely displaced at 2 or more points

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14
Q

Ligaments affected with C2

A

Posterior sacroiliac ligament
Sacrospinous ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament

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15
Q

Define spinal tumor

A

A growth of cells (mass) within or surrounding the spinal cord

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16
Q

Where can spinal tumors occur ?

A

Intramedullary
Extramedullary
Intradural
Extradural

17
Q

Signs and symptoms of TB tumor

A

Back and neck pain
Numbness
Tingling and weakness in either arms
Clumsiness
Difficulty in walking
Incontinence

18
Q

Treatment for spinal tumor

A

Steroids
Chemotherapy
Surgery
Radiotherapy

19
Q

Signs and symptoms of TB

A

Appetite loss
Night sweats
Chest pains
Fever
Weight loss
Shortness of breath

20
Q

Signs and symptoms of Pott’s disease

A

Fever
Night sweats
Localized back pain
Pain and stiffness
Paralysis of the lower limbs

21
Q

Late complications of spinal tumor

A

Severe kyphosis
Vertebral collapse
Spinal cord compression
Sinus formation

22
Q

Clinical complications of polytrauma

A

Haemorrhagic shock
Neurogenic shock
Multiple bone fractures
Primary or secondary head injury
Spinal cord injury
Auditory and visual damage
Unhealed wounds (sepsis)
Chest complications
Thoracic injuries

23
Q

List anterior oblique sling muscles

A

Pectoralis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Abductors
(Provide stability in multidirections. Accelerating, rotating and decelerating body during change in direction)

24
Q

List posterior oblique slings

A

Latissmus dorsi
Contralateral gluteus max and biceps femoris
Connected but thoracolumbar fascia
(Provides stability during gait)

25
Q

List longitudinal slings

A

Multifidus
Deep layer of thoracolumbar fascia
Long head of biceps femoris
(Encourages SIJ to be in its close packed position)

26
Q

List lateral sling muscles

A

Gluteus med
Abductors
Quadratus lamborum
(Provides pelvofemoral stability)

27
Q

Why are thoracic disc lesions uncommon

A

Relatively thin disc
Mobility of the disc is limited by splinting of the ribcage
ALL, PLL and ligamentum flavum eell developed to provide stability
Nucleus Pulposus is more anterior than in other regions

28
Q

Indications for spinal surgery

A

Instability
Stenosis
Failure of conservative management
Infections or tumors
Abnormal curvature of the spine

29
Q

Name cervical tests you can do

A

Cervical AROM and PROM
cervical spine distraction test
Cervical spine spurling test

PHYSIO 4th yr (3 decks)

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