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Orthodontics > Ortho Lab > Flashcards

Ortho Lab Flashcards

1
Q

in fixed orthodontics, what is the purpose of a ligature?

A

the hold the arch wire to the brackets

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2
Q

in fixed orthodontics, what are ligatures made of?

A

either a tiny elastic or a twisted wire

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3
Q

in fixed orthodontics, what is the purpose of the arch wire?

A

creates force to move teeth into proper alignment

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4
Q

in fixed orthodontics, what is the purpose of brackets?

A

hold the arch wire in place- connected to the bands or directly bonded on the teeth

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5
Q

in fixed orthodontics, what is a metal band?

A

a cemented ring of metal which wraps around the tooth

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6
Q

in fixed orthodontics, what is the purpose of elastic hooks and rubber bands?

A

elastic hooks are used for the attachment of rubber bands, which help move teeth toward their final position

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7
Q

name two types of retainers which may be given to a pt following fixed orthodontic treatment

A

thermoplastic retainer
bonded retainer

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8
Q

name 3 uses of a transpalatal arch

A

anchorage
rotation
limited widening or contraction

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9
Q

what is a transpalatal arch constructed from?

A

0.9mm hard stainless steel wire (HSSW)

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10
Q

what teeth are a transpalatal arch most commonly attached to?

A

first permanent molars

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11
Q

how is a transpalatal arch attached onto teeth?

A

with the use or stainless steel bands to which the appliance is spot weldered/ soldered on to

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12
Q

what is a palatal arch with a nance button constructed from?

A

0.9mm hard stainless steel wire (HSSW)

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13
Q

what teeth are a palatal arch with a nance button attached to?

A

first permanent molars

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14
Q

how is a palatal arch with a nance button attached to teeth?

A

with the use of orthodontic stainless steel bands to which the appliance is attached to with the use of spot welding/soldering

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15
Q

what is the main purpose of a palatal arch with a nance button?

A

anchorage

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16
Q

what is a quadhelix constructed from?

A

0.9mm hard stainless steel wire (HSSW)

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17
Q

what teeth are a quad helix usually attached to?

A

first permanent molars

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18
Q

how is a quad helix attached to teeth?

A

with the use of orthodontic stainless steel bands to which the appliance is attached to with the use of spot welding/soldering

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19
Q

what are the main uses of a quad helix?

A

bilateral expansion
asymmetrical expansion
fan style expansion
rotation of molars
expansion in cleft palate
modified to proline incisors
assist in habit breaking

20
Q

what are the advantages of fixed orthodontics?

A

Bodily tooth movement
Rotations easily fixed
Can be used easily in the lower arch as well as the upper
Individual force can be applied to every tooth
Not easily removed by the patient
Works 24 hours/7 days a week
Precise 3D movement of teeth
Less invasive of tongue space
Minimal palatal coverage

21
Q

what are the disadvantages of fixed orthodontics?

A

Increased risk of root resorption
Decalcification
Can be perceived as visually unattractive
Can cause soft tissue trauma
Cost
High motivation in regards to oral hygiene
Poor anchorage
Highly trained specialist training
Etching is a destructive procedure

22
Q

what are the advantages of removable orthodontics?

A

Tipping of teeth
Excellent anchorage
Generally cheaper than fixed
Shorter chairside time required
Oral hygiene is easier to maintain
Non-destructive to tooth surface
Less specialised training required to manage
Can be easily adapted for overbite reduction
Can achieve block movements

23
Q

what are the disadvantages of removable orthodontics?

A

Less precise control of tooth movement
Can be easily removed by the patient
Generally only 1-2 teeth can be moved at one time
Specialist technical staff required to construct the appliances
Rotations very difficult to correct

24
Q

how does a transpalatal arch provide anchorage in fixed orthodontics?

A

it increases the root surface area and bone surface area

25
Q

give a disadvantage of a palatal arch with a nance button

A

it is very difficult to clean

26
Q

what does fan style expansion mean?

A

expanding the arch by moving posterior teeth only

27
Q

Name 3 types of retainers which can be used after fixed orthodontic treatment

A

-Hawley retainers
Thermoplastic retainers
Bonded retainers

28
Q

Give advantages if Hawley retainers

A

Most robust
Can be removed for cleaning
No Oreo of teeth required
Incorporate all teeth
Allow occlusal settling
Can be slightly activated if required

29
Q

Give disadvantages of Hawley retainers

A

Bad aesthetics
Hard to tolerate in both upper and lower
Very time consuming to make

30
Q

Give advantages of thermoplastic retainers

A

Good aesthetics
Easily replaced
Incorporate all teeth
Can be removed for cleaning
Well tolerated
Can induce a small amount of force if pt forgets to wear them for a while

31
Q

Give disadvantages of thermoplastic retainers

A

Plasticiser disforms over time
No occlusal settling
Easily lost
Some pts boil them to sterilise
Toothpaste is abrasive
Pts try use them to bleach teeth

32
Q

Give advantages of bonded retainers

A

Invisible to other people
Good for diastema’s and rotations
Allows occlusal settling
Unobtrusive- well tolerated
Cheap
Don’t rely on pt compliance

33
Q

Give disadvantages of bonded retainers

A

Required excellent OH
High failure rate
Etching is destructive
Only inclusive of 6 anterior teeth

34
Q

what does IOTN stand for?

A

index of orthodontic treatment need

35
Q

what is the IOTN used for?

A

-to assist in determining the potential impact of a malocclusion on an individual’s dental health and their psychosocial well-being
-used by NHS to assess eligibility to receive NHS treatment

36
Q

what are the 2 components of the IOTN?

A

aesthetic component
dental health component

37
Q

what scores must a pt receive on the IOTN to receive NHS treatment?

A

DHC- 3+
AC-6+

38
Q

what does MOCDO stand for?

A

Missing teeth
Overjets
Crossbites
Displacement of contact points
Overbites

39
Q

what assumptions are applied during the DHC of the IOTN when casts are being used?

A

overjet- assume incompetent lips
crossbite-assume discrepancy between RCP and ICP >2mm
reverse overjet- assume speech problems

40
Q

name the 3 most common pliers used in the orthodontic lab

A

Adams 64
coil formers 65
wire cutters

41
Q

what does ARAB stand for?

A

active component
retentive
anchorage
baseplate

42
Q

what are active components?

A

the components that will be moving the teeth with the application of force

43
Q

what is retention?

A

the resistance to displacement forces e.g. gravity, speech

44
Q

what is anchorage?

A

the resistance to unwanted tooth movement

45
Q

in a URA, what is the role of the baseplate?

A

-connects all components together as one unit
-provides anchorage
- assists with retention

46
Q

when would you use heat

A
47
Q
A

Orthodontics (15 decks)

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