Ortho facts Flashcards
What structures run through the tarsal canal?
flexor hallicis longus muscle, saphenous a/v, medial and lateral plantar n.
Tarsal standing angle of dog and cat
Dog 135-145
Cat 115-125
ROM tarsus dog and cat (angles of flexion and extension)
dog: 39* flexion, 164* extension
cat: 22* flexion, 167* extension
What are the types of tarsal fractures?
Type I: Nondisplaced dorsal slab fracture
Type II: Displaced dorsal slab fracture
Type III: Large displaced medial fragment
Type IV: Medial slab fracture with a dorsal slab fracture
Type V: Comminuted fracture
What are the components of the common calcaneal tendon?
Gastroc tendon
Common tendon of gracilis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus
SDFT
What is the name of the instrument to measure limb or body circumference?
Gulick tape measure. The device at the end of the tape measure has a consistent amount of tension that is applied to improve accuracy and consistency
Amelia
a type of dysostoses (abnormal development of individual bone or part of bone). Congenital absence of one or more bone. Monobrachia or abrachia - missing one or both forelimbs. Monopodia or apodia - missing one or both hindlimbs. May be heritable in Beagles
Osteochondrodysplasia
a disease of the endochondral or intramembranous ossification. ex. include Beagle and mini poodle with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia or mucopolysaccharidosis or osteogenesis imperfecta
Hemimelia
A type of dysostoses with the complete or partial absence of one or more bones. If all or some of the bones of a limb are absent distal to a certain point = terminal hemimelia. If all or some of the bones of a limb are absent with the bones proximal and distal to the defect then it is intercalary hemimelia.
Transverse vs longitudinal hemimelia
transverse hemimelia - complete absence of one or more bones across a limb’s width vs longitudinal hemimelia - absence of one or more bones along the medial (preaxial) or lateral (post axial) side of a limb
Are there any known hereditary hemimelias?
Chihuahuas have autosomal recessive bilateral terminal preaxial thoracic limb hemimelia. Radial hemimelia in Siamese and DSH
Dimelia
congenital duplication of the whole or part of a limb. Can amputate the non functional portion
Ectrodactyly
congenital digital cleft formation extending between the metacarpal bones. “lobster claw”. In cats, may be autosomal dominant defect. Carpal bones may be hypoplastic or missing or the ulna might be short or luxated. Early splinting to help prevent muscle contracture but may eventually need surgery
polydactyly
one more more extra digits. Preaxial on medial and post axial on lateral sides. usually not of significance. Inherited like in Saint Bernards with preaxial pelvic limb polydactylism
syndactyly
congenital lack of differentiation between two or more digits. Simple (interconnection between adjacent digits on the dorsal surface only skin and fibrous tissue), complex (both soft tissue and bones are fused). Also can be complete (digits connected through entire length P1 to P3) or incomplete (digits only partially connected through digit length)
complicated vs uncomplicated complex syndactyly
complicated is usually associated with other defects
Craniomandibular osteopathy
uni or bilateral symmetric irregular osseous proliferations of mostly the mandibles and/or tympanic bulla. Osteoclastic resorption of lamellar bone is followed by presence of primitive bone that expands beyond the periosteum of the affected bone. Normal bone gets replaced by highly vascular fibrous type stroma. “lion jaw” or “scotty jaw” or “westie jaw”
Hypertrophic osteopathy
periosteal reaction of the distal extremities thought to be secondary manifestation of a pulmonary primary or metastatic neoplasia. But has also been seen in abdominal neoplasia and non neoplastic pulmonary disease. May see palisade formation
Criteria for DISH (disseminated idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis)
Must have four of five criteria:
1. continuous or flowing calcification and ossification of at least 3 contiguous vertebral bodies along the ventral and lateral aspects
2. relative preservation of intervertebral disc width in volved areas and absence of extensive radiographic evidence of degenerative disc disease
3. periarticular osteophytes surrounding the zygapophyseal joints
4. formation of pseudoarthrosis between the bases of spinous processes
5. periarticular osteophytes and calcification and ossification of soft tissue attachments in both axial and peripheral skeleton
acute caudal myopathy
limber tail/limp tail/rudder tail/frozen tail
Usually dx with signs and history but can see decreased tail temp, increased tech99 in tail, T1 MRI increased signal in tail, abnormal spontaneous electrical activity restricted to the coccygeal muscles
rupture of the long head of the triceps brachii
avulsion of the origin of the long head of the triceps - racing greyhounds. A depression is present caudal and distal to the scapula. Conservative management may be sufficient for non racers, otherwise can be surgically reattached
avulsion of the triceps brachii tendon of insertion
results in severe thoracic limb disability. The insertion should be reattached to the olecranon surgically
rupture of the serratus ventralis muscle
dramatic dorsal displacement of the scapula. Both repair and conservative management have good outcomes
rupture of the gracilis muscle
Racing injury in greyhounds, GSH, foxhounds. Can occur at musculotendinous junction or origin or insertion. Clinically will see large hematoma or depression in medial thigh. Surgical repair rec’d
