Ortho doc micks Flashcards
1
Q
Classificatiom of Malocclusion (according to angle)
A
- Class I / Neutrocclusion
- Class II/ Distocclusion/ Retrognathism
- Class III/ Mesiocclusion
2
Q
MB cusp of the Max. 1st molar lines up with the buccal groove of the Mand. 1st molar
Max. Canine lies between the Mand. Canine & 1st PM
A
Class 1 / Neutrocclusion
3
Q
Type of Class I/ Neutrocclusion
(CLAPME) B
Deweys’ Classification
A
- Crowding of ant. teeth
- Labioversion of Max. Cental Incisor
- Ant. crossbite
- Post. Crossbite
- Mesial drifting
- Bimaxillary retrusion
4
Q
MB cusp of the Max. 1st molar falls between the Mand. 1st molar & 2nd PM
Max. Canine is mesial to Mand. Canine
A
Class II / Distocclusion/ Retrognathism
5
Q
Types of Class II/ Distocclusion/ Retrognathism
A
Class II Division I
Class II Division II
6
Q
Max. Incisor in extreme labioversion
A
Class II Division I - sunday bite
7
Q
Max. Incisor tipped palatally & in retruded position. The max. laterals are typically tipped labially or mesially
/spiderman
A
Class II Division II
8
Q
Bilateral Molar Relationship
A
Class I Dvision I
Class II Division II
9
Q
MB cusp of the Max. 1st molar falls between the Mand. 1st molar & 2nd Molar
Maxilary Canine is distal to Mand. Canine
A
Class III/ Mesiocclusion / Prognathism
10
Q
Types Of Class III / Mesiocclusion/ Prognathism
A
- Edge to edge
- Ant. crowding
- Ant.crossbite
11
Q
‼️📌📌REMEMBER
What is the common malocclusion
A
Class I malocclusion- 70%
Class II - 25%
Class III- 5%
12
Q
📌‼️‼️Sign on Incipient Malocclusion
A
- Premature loss of primary canine
- Lack of intedental spacing in primary dentition
- Crowding of Permanent incisor in mixed dentition
13
Q
Penicillin allergy
A
Clindamycin
Erythromycin
14
Q
Start of MDA/ Ugly Duckling Stage
A
6y/o- 12 y/o
15
Q
If there is premature loss of Primary Mand.canine what is the appliance of choice
A
Lingual Holding Arch w/ spurs
16
Q
📌‼️‼️‼️BOARD EXAM Q.
1.What is the normal eruption sequence of max. teeth of mand. teeth?
A
Max- 61245378
Mand.-:61234578
17
Q
‼️📌📌📌BEQ.
- Permanent Ant. teeth erupt in what direction
- Perm. Ant. teeth are seen _____ in relation to deciduous ant.
- Deciduous ant. teeth are seen ____ in relation to permanent anterior
- Permanent premolars are seen _____ of deciduous molars
A
- Facial & Occlusal
- Apical & Lingual
- Occlusal & Facial
- Bifurcation
18
Q
📌‼️‼️BQ.
Which surface of the deciduous teeth resorbs first when permanent teeth erupts?
A
Lingual surface
19
Q
‼️📌📌📌BQ
A 12 y/o px had his permanent 1st molars extracted , what is the next thing the dentist must do?
A
RPD (Space Maintainer)
20
Q
📌‼️‼️‼️An
8 y/o px had his permanent 1st molar extracted, what is the next thing the dentist must do?
A
Observe No tx
8-10 y/o exo
tx: observe
21
Q
FPD & Implant
A
> 18;y/o
22
Q
Ant. Open bite or excessive overjet
contact betwwen the tip of the tongue & lingual surface of the teeth
A
S,Z ,ch, j
sibilants/linguoalveolar
23
Q
Irregular incisors
contact between tip of the tongue between maxillary & mandibular teeth
A
T,D , n , l
Linguodental sounds)
24
Q
Skeletal class III contact between wet/dry line of lower lip & maxillary incisor
A
F,V ( Fricatives)
25
Cleft lip
| contact between upper & lower lip
B,P,M - Bilabial Sound
26
1st common in babies
B,P,M bilabial sound
27
problem pronouncing "R"
high arched palate
short lingual frenum
malocclusion skeletal class 3
Rhotacism
28
‼️📌Determines tooth- tooth, bone-bome & tooth - bone relationships
shows the amount & direction of craniofacial growth
Cephalometrics
29
📌‼️‼️ Poor Man's Cephalometrics
Facial Profile Analysis
30
3 Points
| Facial Profile Analysis
1. Glabella
2. Subnasale
3. Tip of the chin
31
‼️📌Facial Profile
Straight
Convex
Concave
32
highest point in the concavity behind the occipital condyle
Bolton (Bo)
33
most forward & highest point of the ant. margin of foramen magnum
Basion (Ba)
34
the point of intersection of the contour of the posterior cranial base & posterior contour of the condylar process
Articulare (Ar)
35
junction of Frontal & Nasal bone
Nasion
36
most superior margin of the external auditory canal
Porion (Po)
37
midpoint of Sella Turcica
| Most stable landmark in ceph
Sella
| Pituitary Gland/ Hypohysis/ masters gland
38
Most inferior portion of the orbit
Orbitale
39
Innermost point on contour of premaxilla between incisor & ANS
Point A / Subspinale
40
Innermost point on contour of mandible between incisor & bony chin
Point B / Supramentale
41
Most ant. point of contour of chin
Pogonion (Pog)
42
Most inferior part of the mandibular symphysis
Menton
43
lowest most posterior point on the mandible with the teeth in occlusion
Gonion
44
Points in Ceph
| Determine Facial Profile
1. Nasion
2. Point A
3. Point B
45
‼️📌📌📌REMEMBER
| What is the most stable landmark in cephalometric radiograph?
Sella
46
Porion to Orbitale
Frankfort Horizontal Plane
47
What is the point between Pogonion & Menton
Gnathion
48
Porion to Orbitale
Frankfut Horizontal Plane
49
Nasion to sella forms what plane
Sella Nasion Plane
50
Nasion to pogonion forms what plame
Facial Plane
51
Menton to Gonion forms what plane
Mandibular Plane
52
Forms the Y- axis plane
Sella & Gnathion
53
Thery represent ant. cranial base
Frankfort
| SNP
54
Mandibular plane & Frankfurt-horizontal plane
Frankfurt Mandibular Plane Angle
55
Normal Frankfurt Mandibular Plane Angle
28.7 +- 5.8:(22.3-34.5)
56
long vertical dimension, Ant. open bite , Class II
Steep Mand. Plane Angle
| tongue thrusting, habit, mouth breather
57
A- Nasion- B
ANB
58
Normal range ANB
2.5+- 2.5 (0-5)
59
Higher than range
Skeletal Class II
60
Lower than range
Skeletal Class III
61
📌‼️‼️‼️
| Tweed's Triangle
FMA- Frankfurt Mandibular Plane Angle
FMIA- Frankfurt Mandibular Incisor Angle
IMPA- Incisor Mandibular Plane Angle
62
any type of appliance that can removed by px
RA
63
Indications of RA
Tipping Movements
Retention after comprehensive movements
Growth modificatiom during mixed dentition
64
Major Components Of RA
1. Retentive Component
2. Anchorage component
3. Framework / Baseplate
4. Tooth moving component/ Active component
65
adams clasp, ball clasp, c clasp. & arrow clasp
Retentive Component
66
acryclic & provides anchorage
Framework or Baseplate
67
springs, jack screws or elastics
Active component or tooth moving component
68
resist force of active component
Anchorage Component
69
Usually used in developing skeletal class II to hold maxillart growth to allow mandible to catch up
Headgears
70
Headgears
Worn:
Tx length:
10-14hrs per day
| 6-18mos
71
headcap connected to facebow
| Movement: Distal & Intrusive force on Max. Molars & Maxilla
High Pull Headgear
72
neck strap connected to the facebow
| Movement: Distal & Extrusive force on Max. teeth & Maxilla
Cervical Pull Headgear
73
same as cervical pull headgear
| Movement : Distal direction only
Straight Pull Headgear
74
Disadvantage of Cervical pull headgear
Extrusion of Maxillary Molar
75
Combination Headgear
| combine the high pull & cervical
Straight pull headgear
76
for developing skeletal class III Malocclusion to protract the Maxilla & Mandibular growth
Reverse Pull Headgear
| A.KA. Face Mask / Protraction
77
For Developing Skeletal Class II
High pull headgear
Cervical Pull headgear
Straight pull headgear
78
‼️📌📌📌
| Extra oral headgear is used to tx scoliosis
Milwaukee Brace
79
designed to modify growth during mixed dentition both dental & skeletal
effects
forced the mandible move forward, skeletal developing Class II
Functional Appliance
80
Mechanism of Action of Functional Appliance
Advances the mand. forward & allow condyle to move superiorly & posteriorly towards the fossa
It used to alter the function of the facial & jaw musculature
To create a good environment to developing dentition
Optimize craniofacial growth (Class II cases)
81
developing skeletal class III
Chin cup
82
Tooth- Borne Appliance (BATH)
Bionator
Activator
Twin block
Herbst
83
Tissue- Borne Appliance
| it altered both mandibular posture & contour of facial soft tissue
Frankel Functional Appliance-
84
📌‼️‼️‼️BE
| Order of Wire Bending
Ist- In & out ( facial, lingual, rotation
2nd- M & D tipping
3rd- torque
85
‼️📌📌BE
| method by which a rectangular archwire is inserted into the bracket
Edgewise Method
86
a device that projects horizontally to support auxillaries and is open on one sode usuallt in the vertical or horizontal axis
Bracket
87
History of Bracket
Pin & tube appliance
Ribbon Arch appliance - has a vertically positioned slot
1910- Edward Angle
| 1915-
88
inverted/modified ribbom arch
Begg Appliance
89
Edgewise Appliance
0-022 x 0.028 (slot size) with single or double tie wings
90
1st, 2nd & 3rd order bend are needed
Conventional Edgewise
91
1st, 2nd and 3rd order bends are incoporated in the brackets
X not required to use bands
Pre- adjusted Edgewise Appliance (PEA)
92
Father of Modern Orthodontics
Edward Angle
93
📌‼️‼️Remember
what is the most commonly used orthodontic appliace
Band free Appliance
Four Basis Components of Fixed Appliance
1. Edgewise
2. PEA (Pre-adjusted Edgewise Appliance)
3. Band, Brackets, Archwires,Auxillaries
94
Crozat appliance
Bond Free
95
excess fluoride intake
| excrete
Kidneys
96
uses molar bands
| GIC cements are used
Banding
97
Bonding
35-50% unbufferee phosphoric acid for etching before bonding
98
bonding agent
1. BIS - GMA
2. TEGDMA
3. UEDMA
99
Most common etchant for ortho
35-50% unbuffered phosphoric
100
most common bonding agent
BIS- GMA= bowen 1962
101
‼️📌📌📌
| Properties of Archwires
1. High strength
2. Low sriffness
3. High formability
4. High working range
102
Alloy composition
Stainless Steel Wires
| Cobalt- chromium wires
103
Stainless steel wires
| Cobalt- chromium wires
Chromium
| Cobalt rigid
104
ductile
Ability of material to deform without fracturing
105
Elastics
Class I elastics (horizontal elastics)
Class II elastics
Class III elastics
106
for space closure and it can open the bite also
Class I elastics (horizontal elastics)
| Interarch type
107
used to tx Class II , crosses the arch
Class II
108
used to tx class III
Class III elastics
109
defined as discrepancies in the faciolingual relationship of the max & mand.arch
Crossbites
110
buccal displacement of a posterior teeth
Buccal Crossbite
111
lingual displacement of posterior teeth
Lingual crossbite
112
abnormal buccolingual relationship of teeth in the maxilla & mandible when 2 dental arches are brought into occlusion
Posterior Crossbite
113
abnormal direction of eruption
Dental Posterior Crossbite
114
cause Maxillary Constriction
| cleft palate
Skeletal Post. Crossbite
115
Cause oral habit
| thumbsucking
Functional Post. Crossbite
116
Posterior Crossbite
| Tx. Skeletal , Dental & Functional
Palatal Expansion
117
Rapid Palatal Expander Framework
HAAS
| Hyrax
118
abnormal labio lingual relationship between 1 or more maxillart & mandibular teeth
Ant.Crossbite
| 3-4mos. let the appliance to stay
119
📌‼️‼️‼️BE
| Most common cause of ant.crossbite
Over retained deciduous teeth
120
Dental ant. crossbite tx
Tongue blade
Inclined plane / Composite inclines
Hawley Appliance with springs
Jackscrew devices
121
associated with developing skeletal class III
Skeletal Ant. Crossbite
| Tx. Headgear
122
Px adapts a jaw position upon closure which is forward to normal
Habit - Protrusion of Mandible
Functional Ant. Crossbite (Pseudo class III)
123
Tx. of Functional Ant.Crossbite (Pseudoclass III)
Occlusal Equilibration
124
‼️📌📌BQ
| Best way to prevent relapse of crossbite
+ overbite lock teeth to prevent movement to lingual
125
Triad of Thumbsucking
Duration ***most important - 6hrs
Frequency - AM-PM
Intensity - one room away
126
<31/2 years of age
Observe no tx - normal
127
What is the initial tx for a 3 yr old px with thumbsucking habit
Observe / No tx
128
What is the appliance of choice for thumbsucking
Palatal Crib
129
What are the possible consequences of thumbsucking habit
Ant. Open bite
130
opposite arches cannot be brought into occlusion
Ant. Openbite
131
Most common malocclusiom during the early MDP
Ant. Crossbite
132
What is the most common cause of ant. crossbite
Thumbsucking habit
133
What is the tx for ant. openbite during the early mixed dentition period
Observe / No tx
134
What is the tx for ant. openbite due to thumbsucking habit during the early mixed dentition period (6yrold)
Elimination of Thumbsucking habit
135
tongue protrudes during protrudes during swallowing , speech or even at rest
Tongue thrusting
136
most common cause of tongue thrusting
Thumbsucking
137
Types of Swallowing
Infantile Swallowing
| Adult swallowing
138
0-18 mos.
| tongue between gumpads
Infantile swallowing
139
18mos. initial sign of adult swallowimg
| tongue tip ant 1/3 of hard palate lingual portion of Max. Central
Adult Swallowing
140
📌‼️‼️‼️ Feeding bottles
Nuk sauger
| mimic the breast of mother
141
‼️📌📌Most common malocclusion during the Early MDP
Open bite
Deep bite
Increase overjet
142
Retained Infantile swallowing
Tongue thrusting
143
📌‼️‼️REMEMBER
| What is the tx for tongue thrusting associated with developmental peripd?
Observe/ No Tx
144
‼️📌📌📌What is the tx for tongue thrusting habit associated with thumbsucking habit?
Removal of thumbsucking habit
145
‼️‼️‼️Appliance of choice for tongue thrusting?
Tongue crib
146
‼️‼️Appliance of choice to correct swallowing?
Blue Grass - correct infantile swallowing pattern into a adult
147
passive appliance
prevent Mesial Drifting of permanent 1st molars
‼️‼️📌📌Well-restored natural tooth is best space retainer
Space Maintainer
148
unilateral, single tooth loss
Band & Loop
149
bilateral , single/multiple tooth loss
| unilateral , multiple tooth loss
Lingual Holding Arch
150
Early loss of primary 2nd molar before perm. 1st molar erupts
Distal shoe
151
functional space maintainer
Partial dentures
152
LHA
Perm.1st molar
| Perm.Mand. Incisor
153
Premature loss primary of Mand. Canine
LHA w/ spurs
154
Disadvantage Acryclic button
Irritation Nance Appliance
155
‼️📌📌What is common space maintainer
Band & Loop
156
‼️📌📌Possible symptom of Bruxism
strain - facial muscle
157
palatal crib
Thumb/ Finger sucking
158
night guard/ bite plane
Bruxism- malocclusion, anxiety, stress
159
Lip bumber/ plumber/mayne/ denholtz
Hyperactive Mentalis
160
Oral Screen
Cheek / Lip biting
161
tongue crib
tongue thrusting
162
oral vestibular screen/ shield
Mouth breathing
163
determines the future antero- posterior positiom of permanent 1st molar
Compares Distal portion of E
Primary Molar Relationship
164
normal cusp to cusp permanent 6 may lead to class I by Mesial shifting
Flush terminal plane
165
with immediate available space
Early Flush Terminal
166
without immediate Available space
Late Flush terminal plane
167
Angle class II
Distal step
168
Angle class I
Mesial step
169
Mesial movement of the 1st permanent molar during the course of the child development
Goal
Mesial Shifting
To close the nance leeway space
170
the difference between MD width of CDE & 345
Nance Leeway Space
171
Leeway space
CDE- 345
172
📌‼️Leeway space is
Positive
173
Maxillary: Mesial of primary canine
Distal of primary lateral incisors
Between primary canine & primary lateral incisor
Maxillary Primate Space
174
Mand. Distal of primart canine
Mesial of primary 1st molar
Between primary canine & primary 1st molar
Mand.Primate Space
175
Diastema
Causes
1. Normal part of development
2. Tooth size discrepancy
3. Mesiodens
4. Abnormal frenal attachment
176
usually closes after canine erupts
| common & normal during the Mixed Dentition Period
Max. Midline Diastema of <2mm
177
unlikely to close even after canine erupts
Large Maxillary Midline Diastema of >2mm
178
Flush Terminal Plane
1. Cusp to cusp
| 2. Class I mesial shifting
179
Distal
Class II
180
Mesial Class I
Class I
| Class III
181
📌‼️‼️Always wait for the canine before tx the diastema
182
‼️📌📌What is the primary determinant of diastema
Canine
183
What is the tx for an 8y/o px with 3mm diastema
Observe/ wait for the canine
| Take a radiograph
184
Tx for a 12y/o 2mm diastema
Diastema closure
185
*SUPERNumerary Teeth ( GDCS)
Gardners / Familial Colorectal Polyposis
Down's Syndrome
Cleidocranial
Sturge Weber syndrome
186
📌‼️‼️Remember
| 1.what is the most common supernumerary teeth
Mesiodens
187
‼️📌📌Remember
| 2. What stage of tooth development does supernumerary occur?
Initiation Stage
188
‼️‼️How many teeth are present in a panoramic radiograph of a newly born child?
24 teeth
| 20 deciduous / 4 perm 6s
189
generally structures farther from the brain Grows more but Grows later
Cephalocaudal Growth curve
190
Increase in size until puberty then starts to decrease in size
Lymphoid Growth curve
| thymus, lymph nodes
191
Timing of Growth Spurt
3 3
7-9 / 6-7
14-15 / 11-12
192
‼️‼️📌📌📌Remember
The earlier the growth spurt, the lesser the growth
the earlier it will
Stop
193
Most of the facial bones are V shaped
Most V - shaped bones follow this principle
DIOR
Enlow's V Principle Of Growth
194
📌‼️‼️BE
Enlow's V Principle of Growth
```
Mandible
Maxilla
Palate
Orbit of the eye
except Alveolar,Process
```
195
Most bones grows by interplay of bone depostion & resorption. This combined bone deposition & resorptipm resulys to a gradual growth movement towards the deposition surface known as
Cortical drift
196
facing the direction of growth (+)
Deposition
197
facing away (-)
Resorption
198
gradual movement of the growing area of the bone
Deposition + Resorption = Cortical drift
199
bone were teeth embedded
| dental follicle /sac
Alveolar Process
200
negative ions are present
Deposition- Piezoelectric theory
201
positive ions are present
Resorption- Piezoelectric Theory
202
```
‼️📌📌BE
Maxilla
Growth center:
Cortical Drift Direction
Growth displacement
```
Nasal septum
Superior- Posterior (Upward- Backward)
Downward- Forward (Inferior - Anterior)
203
Mandible
Growth center
Cortical Drift direction
Growth displacement
Condylar cartilage
Superior-Posterior (Upward- Backward)
Downward - Forward (Inferior-Anterior)
204
📌‼️‼️Remember
| At the age of 6 the greatest increase in size of the mandible occurs
Distal to the 1st molar
205
genetic influence
Genetic theory
206
sutural growth
Sichers Theory
207
nasal septum
| condylar cartilage
Scott's Theory
208
Most accepted theory form follows function, functional matrices
Moss' Theory
209
He supports all the theory
Van Limborg' Theory
210
servosystem theory
Petrovic Theory
211
area of cellular hyperplasia
Synchondroses
212
closes 3-5 y/o
Intraoccipital synchondroses
213
Growth site for Cranial Base
| until 20y/o BE 15-25
Spheno- occipital synchondroses
214
Growth sites for Cranial Base
| at the age of 6-7
Spheno-ethmoidal
215
Growth sites for Cranial Bases
during birth
Intersphenoidal
216
Cranial Base ( OSET)
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Temporal
217
**Management of Crowding
Observation
Disking of primary teeth
Exo & serial extraction
Corrective orthodontics
218
Disadvantage of disking
Tooth sensitivity
| After disking apply fluoride
219
Ist dimension establish during development of facial bones
1. Width/ Breadth
2. Length/ depth
3. Height
220
aka CD4
| by extracting 1st PM before the canine erupts (key to success)
Serial extraction
221
‼️📌📌What is the indication for serial extraction?
Class I space deficiency
222
Serial extraction commonly fails in what arch
61234578
223
Success of Serial extraction
Maxilla 61245378
224
📌‼️‼️BE
for serial extraction
8mm
225
‼️📌📌📌Orthodontic Tooth Movements
```
Tipping
Extrusion
Intrusion
Rotation
Translatipm
```
226
simplest tooth movement
Tipping
227
Most difficult
Intrusion
228
most difficult to achieve
Bodily movement/ Translation
229
📌‼️‼️Remember
| When a tooth is moved , the first thing that happens is
Bone Bending
230
📌‼️What is the best force of Orthodontics
Light Continuous Force
231
‼️📌BQ. Best rotational force
Coupling force
232
Parallel forces opposite to each other & they are not collinear
Couple
233
Pressure
Resorption
234
Tension
Deposition
235
Heavy Force
Undermining resorptipm
236
memory wires
| nickel + titanium(biocompatible) light
NiTi
237
titanium + molybdenum
Beta- Ti wires
