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Ortho Lecture > Ortho Diagnosis Summary Information > Flashcards

Ortho Diagnosis Summary Information Flashcards

1
Q

the shoulder girdle is composed of _____ joint (s) and ____ articulation(s)

A

3, 1

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2
Q

the normal carrying angle measures approximately 5 degrees in males and between 10 and 15 degrees in females

A

true

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3
Q

which one of the following statements is not correct

A

the trapezoid bone is located int eh proximal carpal row

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4
Q

todd a rugby player was in a tournament this past sunday afternoon and complained an opposing player fell on his knee. He describes the fall as a direct blow to the knee, hyperextending the joint. When examining him, the trainer found Todd could point to the pain which was on the posterolateral portion of the joint and followed the joint line lateral and anterior. Todd described the pain to the trainer as sharp, throbbing and constant pain.

a. which part of the OPQRST is included int he above paragraph and by which statements
b. which of the OPQRST is not included in the above paragraph

A

?

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5
Q

strain

A

an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature including the tendon

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6
Q

clinical features of a strain

A

pain on contraction
pain on active motion (muscle contracts and joint moves)
Pain on resisted motion

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7
Q

sprain

A

an overstretching or rupture of ligamentous tissue

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8
Q

clinical features include:

A

pain on active or passive motion (hence, any motion or sprained joint will produce pain

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9
Q

strain/sprain differential

A

resist or arrest an attempted motion (so that the muscle fibers contract, but the joint does not move), if pain occurs suspect STRAIN.

Passively move the same joint, if pain occurs suspect SPRAIN

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10
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

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11
Q

calcific bursitis

A

calcium infiltration has set in

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12
Q

subachromial bursitis

A

anatomical location

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13
Q

capsulitis

A

inflammation of a joint capsule

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14
Q

adhesive capsulitis

A

characterized by adhesions

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15
Q

fibrositis

A

inflammatory hyperplasia (excessive formation) of fibrous tissue, particularly of the muscle sheaths and fascia layers

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16
Q

fibrosis

A

the condition is non-inflammatory

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17
Q

muscular spasm

A

involuntary contraction of muscle tissue which can be of two types Tonic Spasm and Clonic spasm

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18
Q

tonic spasm

A

persistent

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19
Q

clonic spasm

A

alternating

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20
Q

myositis

A

inflammation of voluntary muscle

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21
Q

myofascitis

A

inflammation of a muscle and its fascia, particularly of its fascial insertion of muscle to bone

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22
Q

neuralgia

A

paroxysmal pain that runs along the course of one or more nerves

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23
Q

neuritis

A

inflammation of a nerve. a condition which may be attended by pain and tenderness over the nerves.

Anesthesia and paresthesia, as well as paralysis, wasting and disappearance of the reflexes may also characterize the condition

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24
Q

neuropathy

A

a general term denoting a functional disturbance and/or pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system

this condition is non-inflammatory

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25
Q

examples of Neuropathy

A
  • demyelinization changes occurring with diabetes
  • changes due to thiamin deficiency in chronic alcoholism
  • changes that occur along its course where its direction is abruptly changed as in carpal tunnel syndrome
26
Q

paresthesia

A

a burning, prickling sensation over the skin

27
Q

radiculitis

A

inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve, especially of the portion of the root which lies between the spinal cord and the intervertebral canal

28
Q

synovitis

A

inflammation of a synovial membrane.
painful on motion, and may be attended by swelling.
synovitis often carries a qualifying term with it, such as rheumatic synovitis, urethral synovitis

29
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of tendons or tendon-muscle attachments.

This term generally refers to the shorter tendon and its sheath are inflamed.

30
Q

osteoarthritis

A

non-inflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring chiefly in older persons

31
Q

osteoarthritis is characterized by:

A
  • degeneration of the articular cartilage
  • hypertrophy of the bone at the margins
  • changes int eh synovial membrane
32
Q

spondylosis

A

ankylosis of a vertebral joint, also, a general term for the degenerative changes that occur with degenerative joint disease, including spur formations that may press upon nerves that run into the arms or legs

33
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

a chronic, inflammatory, systemic disease of unknown etiology that begins with inflammatory changes of the synovial membrane, and then with articular structures, such as the articular cartilage, and then the bone itself.

It may run a mild course, or amy go and come, or may result in widespread crippling and deformity.

34
Q

marie-Strumpell spondylitis

A

a form of rheumatoid arthritis that affects the spine. It is a systemic illness of unknown etiology that mostly strikes young males. It begins with inflammation of the sacroiliac joints and may spread to the intervertebral and costrovertebral joints.
It may produce ossification and ankylosing of the spine joints and can cause complete rigidity of the spine and thorax.

35
Q

osteoporosis

A

a loss of density of bone, seen most commonly in the elderly. It may result in deformities and pathological fractures

36
Q

tropism

A

an asymmetrical development of the zygapophysis of the vertebra.
One side may feature a saggital plane and the other a coronal plane

37
Q

sacralization

A

anomalous fusion of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the sacrum

38
Q

spina bifida

A

a developmental anomaly characterized by defective closure of the bony encasemetn of the spina cord.

39
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

if the cord and meninges do not protrude it is called

40
Q

spina bifida cystica

A

the cord and meninges do protrude it is called

41
Q

O- Onset (chronology)

A

when did this problem occur?
is it a result of trauma?
do you know what may have caused this problem?
what were you doing at the time of the problem?
If traumatic ask the MOI
if chronic- prior episodes, have you had this type of problem before this condition began?

42
Q

P-Provacative/Palliative

A

what makes it worse?
what makes it better?
sleep, rest, ice, heat, chiropractic, medications (prescriptions and/or non prescription for dosage and schedule)
Does the problem interfere with daily living activities?

43
Q

Q-Quality- description

A
  1. bright, pricking
    sharp, cutting, knifelike, lightning like
  2. burning
    hot, stinging
  3. deep, aching
    boring, pounding, sore, heavy, constricting, gnawing

ask patient to liken the severity of pain to some common experience

44
Q

R-radiating

A

does the pain stay in one place (patient points to an exact location)?
does the pain encompass a large area?
does the pain move from one location to another location

45
Q

S- Site/Severity

A

can you show specifically where it hurts?
what other feelings occur at this site?
numbness, strange, tingling, cold, weakness, nausea/vomiting, visual disturbances, change in bowel or bladder functions
ask patient to rate the intensity of pain on a scale of 0 to 10
does the pain interfere with your daily activites

46
Q

T- timing

A

how often does it hurt?
is it all the time, or does it come and go?
if intermittent- ask frequency of episodes, and duration of episodes.
how often does it not work properly?
is the pain constant or occasional?
Is it seasonal?
any certain time of day?

47
Q

Fibrous

A

Description

-no synovial (joint) cavity: bones held together by a thin layer of fibrous tissues or dense fibrous tissue

48
Q

Suture (fibrous)

A

Description
-found only between bones of the skull; articulating bones separated by a thin layer of fibrous tissue

Movement
-none (synarthrotic)

Examples
-lamboidal suture between occipital and parietal bones

49
Q

Syndesmosis (fibrous)

A

Description
-articulating bones united by dense fibrous tissue

Movement
-slight (amphiarthotic)

Examples
-distal ends of tibia and fibula

50
Q

Gomphosis (fibrous)

A

Description
-cone-shaped peg fits into a socket; articulating bones separated by periodontal ligament

movement
-none (synarthotic)

Examples
-roots of teeth in alveoli (sockets)

51
Q

cartilaginous

A

no synovial cavity; articulating bones united by cartilage

52
Q

synchondrosis (cartilaginous)

A

Description
-connecting material is hyaline

Movement
-none (synarthrotic)

Examples
-temporary joint between cartilage the diaphysis and epiphysis of a long bone and permanent joint between true ribs and sternum

53
Q

symphysis (cartilaginous)

A

description
-connecting material is a broad, flat, disc of fibrocartilage

movement
-slight (amphiarthrotic)

example
-intervertebral joints and symphysis pubis

54
Q

synovial

A

description
-synovial cavity and articular cartilage present; articular capsule composed of an outer fibrous capsule and an inner synovial membrane; may contain accessory ligaments, articular discs (menisci), and bursae

movement
-freely movable (diarrhetic)

55
Q

gliding (synovial)

A

description
-articulating surfaces usually flat

movement
-nonaxial

examples
-intercarpal and intertarsal joints

56
Q

hinge (synovial)

A

description
-spool like surfaces fits into a concave surface

movement
-monaxial (flexion and extension)

example
-elbow, ankle, and interphalangeal joints

57
Q

Pivot (synovial)

A

description
-rounded, pointed, or concave surface fits into a ring formed partly by bone and partly by a ligament

movement
-monaxial (rotation) joints

examples
-atlantoaxial and radioulnar

58
Q

ellipsoidal (synovial)

A

description
-oval-shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity

movement

  • biaxial (fexion-extension)
  • abduction- adduction

examples
-radiocarpal joints

59
Q

saddle (synovial)

A

description
-articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, and the articular surface of the other bone is shaped like a rider sitting on the saddle

movement

  • biaxial (flexion-extension)
  • abduction-adduction

examples
-carpometacarpal joint of thumb

60
Q

ball-and-socket

A

description
-ball-like surface first into a cup like depression

movement

  • triaxial (flexion-extension)
  • abduction-adduction
  • rotation-circumduction

examples
-shoulder and coal (hip) joints

Ortho Lecture (11 decks)

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