Ortho Diagnosis Summary Information Flashcards
the shoulder girdle is composed of _____ joint (s) and ____ articulation(s)
3, 1
the normal carrying angle measures approximately 5 degrees in males and between 10 and 15 degrees in females
true
which one of the following statements is not correct
the trapezoid bone is located int eh proximal carpal row
todd a rugby player was in a tournament this past sunday afternoon and complained an opposing player fell on his knee. He describes the fall as a direct blow to the knee, hyperextending the joint. When examining him, the trainer found Todd could point to the pain which was on the posterolateral portion of the joint and followed the joint line lateral and anterior. Todd described the pain to the trainer as sharp, throbbing and constant pain.
a. which part of the OPQRST is included int he above paragraph and by which statements
b. which of the OPQRST is not included in the above paragraph
?
strain
an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature including the tendon
clinical features of a strain
pain on contraction
pain on active motion (muscle contracts and joint moves)
Pain on resisted motion
sprain
an overstretching or rupture of ligamentous tissue
clinical features include:
pain on active or passive motion (hence, any motion or sprained joint will produce pain
strain/sprain differential
resist or arrest an attempted motion (so that the muscle fibers contract, but the joint does not move), if pain occurs suspect STRAIN.
Passively move the same joint, if pain occurs suspect SPRAIN
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
calcific bursitis
calcium infiltration has set in
subachromial bursitis
anatomical location
capsulitis
inflammation of a joint capsule
adhesive capsulitis
characterized by adhesions
fibrositis
inflammatory hyperplasia (excessive formation) of fibrous tissue, particularly of the muscle sheaths and fascia layers
fibrosis
the condition is non-inflammatory
muscular spasm
involuntary contraction of muscle tissue which can be of two types Tonic Spasm and Clonic spasm
tonic spasm
persistent
clonic spasm
alternating
myositis
inflammation of voluntary muscle
myofascitis
inflammation of a muscle and its fascia, particularly of its fascial insertion of muscle to bone
neuralgia
paroxysmal pain that runs along the course of one or more nerves
neuritis
inflammation of a nerve. a condition which may be attended by pain and tenderness over the nerves.
Anesthesia and paresthesia, as well as paralysis, wasting and disappearance of the reflexes may also characterize the condition
neuropathy
a general term denoting a functional disturbance and/or pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system
this condition is non-inflammatory
examples of Neuropathy
- demyelinization changes occurring with diabetes
- changes due to thiamin deficiency in chronic alcoholism
- changes that occur along its course where its direction is abruptly changed as in carpal tunnel syndrome
paresthesia
a burning, prickling sensation over the skin
radiculitis
inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve, especially of the portion of the root which lies between the spinal cord and the intervertebral canal
synovitis
inflammation of a synovial membrane.
painful on motion, and may be attended by swelling.
synovitis often carries a qualifying term with it, such as rheumatic synovitis, urethral synovitis
tendinitis
inflammation of tendons or tendon-muscle attachments.
This term generally refers to the shorter tendon and its sheath are inflamed.
osteoarthritis
non-inflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring chiefly in older persons
osteoarthritis is characterized by:
- degeneration of the articular cartilage
- hypertrophy of the bone at the margins
- changes int eh synovial membrane
spondylosis
ankylosis of a vertebral joint, also, a general term for the degenerative changes that occur with degenerative joint disease, including spur formations that may press upon nerves that run into the arms or legs
rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic, inflammatory, systemic disease of unknown etiology that begins with inflammatory changes of the synovial membrane, and then with articular structures, such as the articular cartilage, and then the bone itself.
It may run a mild course, or amy go and come, or may result in widespread crippling and deformity.
marie-Strumpell spondylitis
a form of rheumatoid arthritis that affects the spine. It is a systemic illness of unknown etiology that mostly strikes young males. It begins with inflammation of the sacroiliac joints and may spread to the intervertebral and costrovertebral joints.
It may produce ossification and ankylosing of the spine joints and can cause complete rigidity of the spine and thorax.
osteoporosis
a loss of density of bone, seen most commonly in the elderly. It may result in deformities and pathological fractures
tropism
an asymmetrical development of the zygapophysis of the vertebra.
One side may feature a saggital plane and the other a coronal plane
sacralization
anomalous fusion of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the sacrum
spina bifida
a developmental anomaly characterized by defective closure of the bony encasemetn of the spina cord.
spina bifida occulta
if the cord and meninges do not protrude it is called
spina bifida cystica
the cord and meninges do protrude it is called
O- Onset (chronology)
when did this problem occur?
is it a result of trauma?
do you know what may have caused this problem?
what were you doing at the time of the problem?
If traumatic ask the MOI
if chronic- prior episodes, have you had this type of problem before this condition began?
P-Provacative/Palliative
what makes it worse?
what makes it better?
sleep, rest, ice, heat, chiropractic, medications (prescriptions and/or non prescription for dosage and schedule)
Does the problem interfere with daily living activities?
Q-Quality- description
- bright, pricking
sharp, cutting, knifelike, lightning like - burning
hot, stinging - deep, aching
boring, pounding, sore, heavy, constricting, gnawing
ask patient to liken the severity of pain to some common experience
R-radiating
does the pain stay in one place (patient points to an exact location)?
does the pain encompass a large area?
does the pain move from one location to another location
S- Site/Severity
can you show specifically where it hurts?
what other feelings occur at this site?
numbness, strange, tingling, cold, weakness, nausea/vomiting, visual disturbances, change in bowel or bladder functions
ask patient to rate the intensity of pain on a scale of 0 to 10
does the pain interfere with your daily activites
T- timing
how often does it hurt?
is it all the time, or does it come and go?
if intermittent- ask frequency of episodes, and duration of episodes.
how often does it not work properly?
is the pain constant or occasional?
Is it seasonal?
any certain time of day?
Fibrous
Description
-no synovial (joint) cavity: bones held together by a thin layer of fibrous tissues or dense fibrous tissue
Suture (fibrous)
Description
-found only between bones of the skull; articulating bones separated by a thin layer of fibrous tissue
Movement
-none (synarthrotic)
Examples
-lamboidal suture between occipital and parietal bones
Syndesmosis (fibrous)
Description
-articulating bones united by dense fibrous tissue
Movement
-slight (amphiarthotic)
Examples
-distal ends of tibia and fibula
Gomphosis (fibrous)
Description
-cone-shaped peg fits into a socket; articulating bones separated by periodontal ligament
movement
-none (synarthotic)
Examples
-roots of teeth in alveoli (sockets)
cartilaginous
no synovial cavity; articulating bones united by cartilage
synchondrosis (cartilaginous)
Description
-connecting material is hyaline
Movement
-none (synarthrotic)
Examples
-temporary joint between cartilage the diaphysis and epiphysis of a long bone and permanent joint between true ribs and sternum
symphysis (cartilaginous)
description
-connecting material is a broad, flat, disc of fibrocartilage
movement
-slight (amphiarthrotic)
example
-intervertebral joints and symphysis pubis
synovial
description
-synovial cavity and articular cartilage present; articular capsule composed of an outer fibrous capsule and an inner synovial membrane; may contain accessory ligaments, articular discs (menisci), and bursae
movement
-freely movable (diarrhetic)
gliding (synovial)
description
-articulating surfaces usually flat
movement
-nonaxial
examples
-intercarpal and intertarsal joints
hinge (synovial)
description
-spool like surfaces fits into a concave surface
movement
-monaxial (flexion and extension)
example
-elbow, ankle, and interphalangeal joints
Pivot (synovial)
description
-rounded, pointed, or concave surface fits into a ring formed partly by bone and partly by a ligament
movement
-monaxial (rotation) joints
examples
-atlantoaxial and radioulnar
ellipsoidal (synovial)
description
-oval-shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity
movement
- biaxial (fexion-extension)
- abduction- adduction
examples
-radiocarpal joints
saddle (synovial)
description
-articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, and the articular surface of the other bone is shaped like a rider sitting on the saddle
movement
- biaxial (flexion-extension)
- abduction-adduction
examples
-carpometacarpal joint of thumb
ball-and-socket
description
-ball-like surface first into a cup like depression
movement
- triaxial (flexion-extension)
- abduction-adduction
- rotation-circumduction
examples
-shoulder and coal (hip) joints
