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Ortho Lecture > Ortho Diagnosis Summary Information > Flashcards

Ortho Diagnosis Summary Information Flashcards

1
Q

the shoulder girdle is composed of _____ joint (s) and ____ articulation(s)

A

3, 1

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2
Q

the normal carrying angle measures approximately 5 degrees in males and between 10 and 15 degrees in females

A

true

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3
Q

which one of the following statements is not correct

A

the trapezoid bone is located int eh proximal carpal row

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4
Q

todd a rugby player was in a tournament this past sunday afternoon and complained an opposing player fell on his knee. He describes the fall as a direct blow to the knee, hyperextending the joint. When examining him, the trainer found Todd could point to the pain which was on the posterolateral portion of the joint and followed the joint line lateral and anterior. Todd described the pain to the trainer as sharp, throbbing and constant pain.

a. which part of the OPQRST is included int he above paragraph and by which statements
b. which of the OPQRST is not included in the above paragraph

A

?

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5
Q

strain

A

an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature including the tendon

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6
Q

clinical features of a strain

A

pain on contraction
pain on active motion (muscle contracts and joint moves)
Pain on resisted motion

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7
Q

sprain

A

an overstretching or rupture of ligamentous tissue

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8
Q

clinical features include:

A

pain on active or passive motion (hence, any motion or sprained joint will produce pain

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9
Q

strain/sprain differential

A

resist or arrest an attempted motion (so that the muscle fibers contract, but the joint does not move), if pain occurs suspect STRAIN.

Passively move the same joint, if pain occurs suspect SPRAIN

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10
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

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11
Q

calcific bursitis

A

calcium infiltration has set in

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12
Q

subachromial bursitis

A

anatomical location

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13
Q

capsulitis

A

inflammation of a joint capsule

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14
Q

adhesive capsulitis

A

characterized by adhesions

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15
Q

fibrositis

A

inflammatory hyperplasia (excessive formation) of fibrous tissue, particularly of the muscle sheaths and fascia layers

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16
Q

fibrosis

A

the condition is non-inflammatory

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17
Q

muscular spasm

A

involuntary contraction of muscle tissue which can be of two types Tonic Spasm and Clonic spasm

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18
Q

tonic spasm

A

persistent

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19
Q

clonic spasm

A

alternating

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20
Q

myositis

A

inflammation of voluntary muscle

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21
Q

myofascitis

A

inflammation of a muscle and its fascia, particularly of its fascial insertion of muscle to bone

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22
Q

neuralgia

A

paroxysmal pain that runs along the course of one or more nerves

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23
Q

neuritis

A

inflammation of a nerve. a condition which may be attended by pain and tenderness over the nerves.

Anesthesia and paresthesia, as well as paralysis, wasting and disappearance of the reflexes may also characterize the condition

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24
Q

neuropathy

A

a general term denoting a functional disturbance and/or pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system

this condition is non-inflammatory

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25
examples of Neuropathy
- demyelinization changes occurring with diabetes - changes due to thiamin deficiency in chronic alcoholism - changes that occur along its course where its direction is abruptly changed as in carpal tunnel syndrome
26
paresthesia
a burning, prickling sensation over the skin
27
radiculitis
inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve, especially of the portion of the root which lies between the spinal cord and the intervertebral canal
28
synovitis
inflammation of a synovial membrane. painful on motion, and may be attended by swelling. synovitis often carries a qualifying term with it, such as rheumatic synovitis, urethral synovitis
29
tendinitis
inflammation of tendons or tendon-muscle attachments. | This term generally refers to the shorter tendon and its sheath are inflamed.
30
osteoarthritis
non-inflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring chiefly in older persons
31
osteoarthritis is characterized by:
- degeneration of the articular cartilage - hypertrophy of the bone at the margins - changes int eh synovial membrane
32
spondylosis
ankylosis of a vertebral joint, also, a general term for the degenerative changes that occur with degenerative joint disease, including spur formations that may press upon nerves that run into the arms or legs
33
rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic, inflammatory, systemic disease of unknown etiology that begins with inflammatory changes of the synovial membrane, and then with articular structures, such as the articular cartilage, and then the bone itself. It may run a mild course, or amy go and come, or may result in widespread crippling and deformity.
34
marie-Strumpell spondylitis
a form of rheumatoid arthritis that affects the spine. It is a systemic illness of unknown etiology that mostly strikes young males. It begins with inflammation of the sacroiliac joints and may spread to the intervertebral and costrovertebral joints. It may produce ossification and ankylosing of the spine joints and can cause complete rigidity of the spine and thorax.
35
osteoporosis
a loss of density of bone, seen most commonly in the elderly. It may result in deformities and pathological fractures
36
tropism
an asymmetrical development of the zygapophysis of the vertebra. One side may feature a saggital plane and the other a coronal plane
37
sacralization
anomalous fusion of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the sacrum
38
spina bifida
a developmental anomaly characterized by defective closure of the bony encasemetn of the spina cord.
39
spina bifida occulta
if the cord and meninges do not protrude it is called
40
spina bifida cystica
the cord and meninges do protrude it is called
41
O- Onset (chronology)
when did this problem occur? is it a result of trauma? do you know what may have caused this problem? what were you doing at the time of the problem? If traumatic ask the MOI if chronic- prior episodes, have you had this type of problem before this condition began?
42
P-Provacative/Palliative
what makes it worse? what makes it better? sleep, rest, ice, heat, chiropractic, medications (prescriptions and/or non prescription for dosage and schedule) Does the problem interfere with daily living activities?
43
Q-Quality- description
1. bright, pricking sharp, cutting, knifelike, lightning like 2. burning hot, stinging 3. deep, aching boring, pounding, sore, heavy, constricting, gnawing ask patient to liken the severity of pain to some common experience
44
R-radiating
does the pain stay in one place (patient points to an exact location)? does the pain encompass a large area? does the pain move from one location to another location
45
S- Site/Severity
can you show specifically where it hurts? what other feelings occur at this site? numbness, strange, tingling, cold, weakness, nausea/vomiting, visual disturbances, change in bowel or bladder functions ask patient to rate the intensity of pain on a scale of 0 to 10 does the pain interfere with your daily activites
46
T- timing
how often does it hurt? is it all the time, or does it come and go? if intermittent- ask frequency of episodes, and duration of episodes. how often does it not work properly? is the pain constant or occasional? Is it seasonal? any certain time of day?
47
Fibrous
Description | -no synovial (joint) cavity: bones held together by a thin layer of fibrous tissues or dense fibrous tissue
48
Suture (fibrous)
Description -found only between bones of the skull; articulating bones separated by a thin layer of fibrous tissue Movement -none (synarthrotic) Examples -lamboidal suture between occipital and parietal bones
49
Syndesmosis (fibrous)
Description -articulating bones united by dense fibrous tissue Movement -slight (amphiarthotic) Examples -distal ends of tibia and fibula
50
Gomphosis (fibrous)
Description -cone-shaped peg fits into a socket; articulating bones separated by periodontal ligament movement -none (synarthotic) Examples -roots of teeth in alveoli (sockets)
51
cartilaginous
no synovial cavity; articulating bones united by cartilage
52
synchondrosis (cartilaginous)
Description -connecting material is hyaline Movement -none (synarthrotic) Examples -temporary joint between cartilage the diaphysis and epiphysis of a long bone and permanent joint between true ribs and sternum
53
symphysis (cartilaginous)
description -connecting material is a broad, flat, disc of fibrocartilage movement -slight (amphiarthrotic) example -intervertebral joints and symphysis pubis
54
synovial
description -synovial cavity and articular cartilage present; articular capsule composed of an outer fibrous capsule and an inner synovial membrane; may contain accessory ligaments, articular discs (menisci), and bursae movement -freely movable (diarrhetic)
55
gliding (synovial)
description -articulating surfaces usually flat movement -nonaxial examples -intercarpal and intertarsal joints
56
hinge (synovial)
description -spool like surfaces fits into a concave surface movement -monaxial (flexion and extension) example -elbow, ankle, and interphalangeal joints
57
Pivot (synovial)
description -rounded, pointed, or concave surface fits into a ring formed partly by bone and partly by a ligament movement -monaxial (rotation) joints examples -atlantoaxial and radioulnar
58
ellipsoidal (synovial)
description -oval-shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity movement - biaxial (fexion-extension) - abduction- adduction examples -radiocarpal joints
59
saddle (synovial)
description -articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, and the articular surface of the other bone is shaped like a rider sitting on the saddle movement - biaxial (flexion-extension) - abduction-adduction examples -carpometacarpal joint of thumb
60
ball-and-socket
description -ball-like surface first into a cup like depression movement - triaxial (flexion-extension) - abduction-adduction - rotation-circumduction examples -shoulder and coal (hip) joints

Ortho Lecture (11 decks)

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