ortho

Question 1

When should an inital ortho exam be carried out?

Answer 1

9 years old

Question 2

What are indicators for ortho treatment?

Answer 2

• ni or latex allergy
• epilepsy/drug use
• drugs
• poor OH
• caries
• diabetes due to snacking
• bisophospahtes

Question 3

what 3 planes are examined when looking at skeletal bases?

Answer 3

1. anerio-posterio
2. vertial
3. transverse

Question 4

What are the classes for antereo-posterior skeletal assesment?

Answer 4

Class I- maxilla 2-3 mm in front of mandible
Class ii- maxilla more than 3mm infront of mandible
ClassIII- mandible in from=nt of maxilla

Question 5

What are the 4 types of supernumbery teeth?

Answer 5

1. Conical (small peg like - mesiodens if close to the midline)
2. Tuberculate (one of main fails to eruption)
3. supplemental (additional normal teeth)
4. Odontome
   - compound -fully formed
   - complex- disorginised mass of tooth tissue

Question 6

what are the 6 types of tooth movement? and what are the optimun forces for each?

Answer 6

1. tipping/tilting (35-60g)
2. Bodily movement (150-200g)
3. Intrusion (10-20g)
4. extrusion (35-60g)
5. Rotation (35-60g)
6. torque (50-100g)

Question 7

what happens histologically during light force ?

Answer 7

Hyperaemia within the periodontal ligament

Appearance of osteoclasts and osteoblasts

Reabsorption of lamina dura from pressure sides (osteoclasts)

Apposition of osteoids on tension side (osteoblasts)

Remodelling of socket “frontal resorption”

Periodontal fibers reorganise

Gingival fibers appear not to become reorganised but remain distorted

Question 8

what happens histologically during moderate force?

Answer 8

Occlusion of vessels of periodontal ligament on tension side

Cell free areas on pressure side (hylinisation)

Period of stasis

Increased endosteal vascularity “undermining resorption “

Relatively rapid movement of tooth with bone disposition on the tension side – tooth may become slightly loose

Healing of periodontal ligament- reorganising and remodelling

Question 9

what happens histologically during excessive force?

Answer 9

Necrosis

Undermining resorption

Resorption of root surfaces

Pain

Permanent change

Question 10

what are the incisor classifications ?

Answer 10

Class 1- the lower incisor edges occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors

Class 2 div 1 – lower incisor edge lie posterior to tthe cingulum plateau of the upper incisors . The upper cenntral incisors are proclined or of average inclination and there is an increases overjet.

Class2 div 2- lower incisor edge lie posterior to tthe cingulum plateau of the upper incisors . The upper cenntral incisors are retroclined. The overjet is uusually minimal or may be increased.

Class 3 – The lower incisor edges lie anterior tp tje cingulum of the upper central incisors. The overjet is reduced or reversed.

Question 11

What are the incisor classificaions?

Answer 11

Class i -the lower incisor edges occlude with or lie immediatly below the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors

Class II div I- lower incisor edge lies posterior the cingulum plateau of upper incisors. The upper central incisors are proclined or of average inclination and there is an inclination and there is an increased overjet.

Class II div II- lower incisor edge lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors. The upper centrals incisors are retroclined. The OJ is usually reduced or reversed.

Class III- The lower incisors sit anterior the cingulum of the upper central incisors, The OJ is reduced or reversed

Question 12

What does MOCDOO stand for?Anad what is it used for ?

Answer 12

Missing
Overjet 
Crossbite
Displacement of contact points 
Overbite
Other

Used for ITONI