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Fall 2018 EMED 2 > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

why is neurovascular status important?

A

compartment syndrome

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2
Q

just bc an xray is neg….

A

doesnt mean no fx

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3
Q

open fx requires

A

antibiotics, 1st gen cephs

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4
Q

what to keep in mind for tendon injuries

A
  • Up to 90% of a tendon can be lacerated with preserved ROM SO TEST AGAINST RESISTANCE
  • splint them then send to hand sx
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5
Q

PE- DIP joint is flexed at 40 degrees

A

mallet finger

TX- splint the PIP joint in extension

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6
Q

Results from injury at the dorsal surface of the PIP joint

A

boutonierre deformity

splint PIP in extension

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7
Q

M/C involve the fourth and fifth MC neck(boxers fx)

Angulation 20 degrees of the 4th or 40 degrees of the 5th needs to be reduced

A

metacarpal fx

tx-ulnar gutter

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8
Q

MC carpal fx

A

scaphoid

Fracture of Scaphoid, Lunate, and Capitate can cause AVN

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9
Q

colles (fork deformity)

A

FOOSH

distal radius goes posterior

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10
Q

smith

A

distal radius goes anteriorly

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11
Q

how to tx tendon ruptures

A

includes sling, ice, NSAIDs, and referral to orthopedic specialist OUTPATIENT

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12
Q

MC elbow dislocation

A

posterolateral
An open dislocation, absence of radial pulse before reduction, and presence of systemic injuries are all factors associated with arterial injury and ARE EMERGENCIES

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13
Q

how ot tx non-displaced radial head fx

A

sling

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14
Q

fracture of proximal third of the ulna with a radial head dislocation, pain and swelling at the elbow

A

monteggia (think hit by a bat)

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15
Q

a fracture of the distal radius with an associated distal radioulnar joint disloctation, pain and swelling at the wrist

A

galeazzi

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16
Q

how to tx forearm fxs

A

Nondisplaced- fractures long arm splint, referral to ortho

Displaced- consult(closed reduction for children; ORIF for adults)

17
Q

AC joint injuries

A

1/2-sling

3-6 sx

18
Q

how to confirm shoulder dislocation

A

Xray- AP and a scapular “y” view to confirm dislocation

19
Q

how to tx humerus fxs

A

sling immoblization for nondisplaced fx, ice, analgesics and ortho referral. Humeral shafts get long arm or sugar tong splints and ortho referral. Any displaced or communted fractures get an immediate ortho consult

20
Q

Patients usually present shortened and externally rotated. They usually complain of pain in the groin or knee

A

hip fx,

21
Q

BEST test for hip fx

A

MRI is 100% sensitive. You order this when a patient can not bear weight to r/o occult fracture. CT scan may be used also but not as sensitive

22
Q

femoral head/neck and inter/subtrochanteric fxs require

A

ortho consult

greater/lesser trochanteric do not

23
Q

Patients usually have extremity shortened and INTERNALLY ROTATED

A

hip dislocation, 90% posterior
True orthopedic emergencies and should be reduced(sedation) within 6 hours because delays in reduction corresponds with high incidence of AVN

24
Q

valgus or varus force combined with axial load that drive the femoral condyle into the tibia

A

tibial plateau fx, knee immobilizer

25
Q

Ottawa Rules(knee xrays are needed if ANY of the following are present)

A 
Age >= 55 years
Pain at the head of fibula
Isolated patella tenderness
Inability to flex knee 90 degrees
Inability to walk 4 weightbearing steps
26
Q

what to worry about for tibia fxs

A

compartment syndrome

27
Q

PATIENT WILL NOT BE ABLE TO EXTEND THE KNEE AGAINST RESISTANCE

A

quad/patellar tendon rupture,

MRI outpt, ortho

28
Q

most sensitive acl test

A

lachman

29
Q

any ligament tear

A

outpt MRI and ortho

30
Q

MC ankle sprain

A

anterior talofibular

31
Q

which type of foot dislocation is MC

A

posterior, reduce ASAP

32
Q

calcaneal fx

A

plain films or CT
posterior splint
intra-articular asap ortho

33
Q

lisfranc fx

A

CT
posterior splint
ED ortho consult

34
Q

jones fx

A

xray
posterior splint
24-48 hr f/u

35
Q

Elevated pressures within a confined muscle compartment can lead to functional and circulatory impairment of that limb. M/C are legs(lower) and forearm

A

compartment syndrome

5 Ps

36
Q

how to dx compartment syndrome

A

measure compartment pressures(vascular sx consult)normal compartment pressures at <10 mmhg

37
Q

how to dx osteomyelitis

A

xray, MRI***, CBC, CRP(elevated), ESR(elevated), cultures

38
Q

septic arthritis fluid analysis

A

> 50k WBC

admit

Fall 2018 EMED 2 (7 decks)

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