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Surgery > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of true leg length shortening

A 
Fractured NOF 
Hip dislocation 
Growth disturbance of tibia/fibula e.g osteomyelitis or fracture
Surgery e.g. Total hip replacement 
SUFE 
Perthes
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2
Q

Cause of apparent shortening of leg

A

Scoliosis of the spine

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3
Q

Feature of OA in hip

A

Pain
Stiffness
Trendelenburg gait or positive trendenlburg test
Decreased range of motion - especially internal rotation
Fixed flexion deformity

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4
Q

Definition of osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative joint disorder in which there is progressive loss of hyaline cartilage and new bone formation at the joint surface and its margin

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5
Q

Risk of posterior approach - hip athroplasty

A

Higher dislocation rates than anterolateral Injury to sciatic nerve - foot drop

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6
Q

Complication of anterolateral approach - hip athroplasty

A

Injury to superior gluteal nerve - trendenlburg gait

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7
Q

Knee locking differential

A

Meniscal tear
Crucible ligament injury
Osteochondritis dissecans: adolescents Loose body

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8
Q

Surgical management of ACL repair

A

Autograft repair - classically using semitendonous and gracillis

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9
Q

Aietology of hallux valgus

A

Familial tendency Increased enclosed and pointed shoes

Associated with rheumatoid athritis

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10
Q

Surgical management of hallux valgus

A

Bunionectomy
1st metatarsal reallimgement surgery
Excision athroplasty

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11
Q

Definition of Charcot joints

A

Progressive destructive joint athropathy secondary to disturbance of the sensory innervation to the joint. It results in a painless deformed joint resulting from repatitive minor trauma

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12
Q

Cause of Charcot joints

A

Peripheral: DM, peripheral never Injury, leprosy
Central: syringomyelia, tabes dorsalis

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13
Q

Definition of a bakers cyst

A

Posterior herniation of knee joint capsule

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14
Q

Cause of winging of the scapula

A

Long thoracic nerve damage
Upper brachial plexus injury
Muscular dystrophy

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15
Q

Froment test

A

Flexion of thumb at IPJ - weak adductor policis Indicates ulnar nerve lesion

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16
Q

Contents of the carpal tunnel

A

4 tendon of FDS
4 tendon of FDP
1 tendon of flexor palmaris longus
Median nerve

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17
Q

Muscle in hands innervates by median nerve

A

Lateral two lumbricals
Oppens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

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18
Q

Cause of a positive trendelenburg test

A

Abductor wasting secondary to chronic pain
Superior gluteal nerve injury
Structural - developmental dysplasia of the hip

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19
Q

Cause of an ulnar palsy

A

Anatomical compression - cubital tunnel syndrome at elbow - guyons canal syndrome at wrist
Trauma - supracondylar fracture of the humerus - elbow dislocation

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20
Q

Ulnar pardox

A

Proximal lesion lead to paralysis of ulnar half of FDP which leads to less wasting

21
Q

Feature of ulnar nerve palsy

A

Partial claw hand - little and ring fingers
Weak abduction and adduction of fingers
Weak flexion of DIPJ in little and ring finger
Wasting: hypothenar emminance, dorsal interossei

22
Q

Indication for surgical management of lumbar disc herniation

A

Progressive neurological defecit
Severe incapacitating pain
Failing of non surgical management

23
Q

Risk factors for OA

A

Age
Obesity
Joint abnormality
Physical/manual occupation

24
Q

Definition of athrodesis

A

Artificial induction of joint ossification between two bones by surgery

25
Q

Risk factor for septic athritis

A

Joint diesease
Chronic renal failure
Immunosupresion e.g DM
prosthetic joints

26
Q

Comlications of septic athritis

A

Sepsis Osteomyelitis Athritis Ankylosis - fusion

27
Q

Risk factors for osteoporosis

A 
SHATTERED 
Steroids 
Hyperthyroid, Hyperparathyroidism, HIV 
Alcohol and cigarettes 
Thin - BMI 
Testosterone decrease
Early menopause
Renal or liver failure
Erosive/inflammatory bone disease
Dietary Ca decrease/malabsorption, DM
28
Q

Indication for a DEXA scan

A

Low trauma fracture
Women > 65 with one or more risk factor
Before giving long term steroids
Parathyroid disorders, myeloma, HIV

29
Q

Intepretation of T scores produced from a DEXA scan

A

T>-1 = normal
T: -1 to -2.5 = osteopenia
T:

30
Q

Osteoporotic fractures

A

Vertebral collapse neck of femur
Neck of humerus
Colles

31
Q

Definition of a sublaxation

A

Normal anatomy of the joint is disrupted but there remain some contact between the articualar surfaces of the joint

32
Q

Definition of dislocation

A

Complete disruption of the joint with no contact between joint surfaces

33
Q

Clincal sign of a fracture

A 
Pain 
Swelling 
Crepitus 
Deformity 
Adjacent structural injury: nerves ligaments, vessel, tendon
34
Q

Complication of fractures

A

Immediate - neurovascular complications - visceral damage
Early- compartment syndrome - infection - fat embolism
Late - problems with union - Avascular necrosis - growth disturbances - post traumatic OA - complex regional pain syndrome- myosotis ossificans- reflex sympathetic dystrophy

35
Q

Complication of a Colles fracture

A 
Median nerve injury 
Frozen shoulder/adhesive capuslitis
Tendon rupture - EPL 
Carpal tunnel syndrome 
Mal/non-Union 
Complex regional pain syndrome
36
Q

What is a dinner fork deformity

A

Dorsally displaced and angulated with shortening of the radius

37
Q

Smiths fracture

A

Fracture of the distal radius with volar displacement and angulation of the distal fragment

38
Q

Barron’s fracture

A

Oblique intra-articular fracture involving the dorsal aspect of the distal radius and dislocation of the radio-ulnar joint

39
Q

Monteggia fracture

A

Fracture of the proximal 1/3 of the ulna shaft with anterior dislocation of the radial head of the capiteleum

40
Q

Galleazi fracture

A

Fracture of radial shaft between mid and distal 1/3

41
Q

Bankart lesions

A

Damage to anteroinferior glenoid labrum following shoulder dislocation

42
Q

Hill-Sachs lesion

A

Cortical depression in the posterolateral part of the humeral head following impaction against the glenoid rim during anterior dislocation

43
Q

Complication of shoulder dislocations

A

Recurrent dislocation Axillary nerve damage Brachial plexus injury Axillary artery damage Associated fracture

44
Q

Muscles of the rotator cuff and test

A
  1. Supraspinatus - jobes test
  2. Infraspinatus - external rotation
  3. Subscapularis - gerber lift of test
  4. Teres minor - external rotation
45
Q

Impingement syndrome

A

Entrapment of supraspinatus tendon and subacromial bursa between acromion and greater tuberosity of the humerus

46
Q

Unhappy triad of O’donoghue

A

ACL
MCL
Medial meniscus

47
Q

Spinal fractures

A
  1. Anterior wedge # - loss of vetebral body
  2. Burst # - axial compression of spine (unstable)
  3. Chance # - transverse # across L2/3
  4. L2# - unstable
  5. Jefferson #
48
Q

Definition of Dupuytrens contracture

A

Progressive, painless, fibrotic thickening of palmar fascia

Surgery (10 decks)

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