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Surgery > Lumps > Flashcards

Lumps Flashcards

1
Q

Dercums disease

A

Multiple painful lipomas
Associated with peripheral neuropathy
Obese post menopausal women

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2
Q

Detention of an sebaceous cyst

A

Epithelial cyst containing keratin

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3
Q

Histological subtypes of sebaceous cyst

A

Epidermial cysts: arise from hair follicle infundibulium

Trichilemmal cyst: arise from hair follicle epithelium

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4
Q

Complication of sebaceous cysts

A

Infection
Ulceration
Calcification

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5
Q

Definition of a ganglion

A

Cystic swelling related to a synovial lined structure

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6
Q

Definition of a neurofibromas

A

Benign nerve sheath tumour arising from Schwann cells

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7
Q

Definition of a papilloma

A

Overgrowth of all layers of the skin with a central vascular core

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8
Q

Definition of a dermoid cyst

A

Epidermal lined cyst deep to the skin

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9
Q

Location of dermoid cysts

A

Midline of nose and neck

Medial and lateral end of the eyebrow

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10
Q

Cause of goitre

A

Diffuse enlargement
- smooth: simple colloid goitre, graves, thyroiditis
- nodular: multi nodular goitre, multiple adenoma
Solitary nodule
- dominant nodule of multinodular goitre
- adenoma
- malignancy: papillary, follicular, medullary, anaplastic
-cyst

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11
Q

Indication for thyroid surgery

A 
Mechanical obstruction 
Malignancy 
Marred beauty - cosmesis 
Medial treatment failure 
Mediastinal extension
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12
Q

Complication of thyroid surgery

A 
During:
- damage to laryngeal nerve -> hoarse voice
- damage to parathyroid -> hypocalcaemia
Early
- haematoma formation
- infection
- thyroid storm
- laryngeal oedema
Late
- hypothyroidism
- recurrent hyperthyroidism
- scar formation (hypertrophic/keloid)
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13
Q

Features of MEN1 - also called Wermer syndrome

A

Pituitary adenoma
Parathyroid hyperplasia or adenoma
Pancreas endocrine tumour

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14
Q

Features of MEN 2

A

Medullary thyroid cancer
Phaechromoctyoma
A: hyperparathyroidism
B : marfanoid habitus

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15
Q

Borders of the anterior triangle

A

Ramus of the mandible
Midline Anterior margin of sternicliodmastoid
Roof: inverting fascia
Floor: pre-vertebral fascia

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16
Q

Operation for management of a thyroglossal cyst

A

Sistrunk operation

17
Q

Branchial cyst

A

Failed fusion of 2nd and 3rd bronchial ateries

Contains glary fluid with cholesterol crystals

18
Q

Posterior neck triangle borders

A

Posterior margin of SCM
Middle 1/3 of clavicle
Anterior margin of trapezius

19
Q

Complications of salivary gland surgery

A 
Immediate
 - facial nerve injury
 - reactionary haemorrhage
Early
- temporary facial weakness:  neuropraxia
- salivary fistula 
- loss of pinna sensation
- greater auricualr nerve damage 
Late : Frey syndrome - gustatory sweating
20
Q

Definition of a lipoma

A

Benign tumour of mature adipocytes

21
Q

Where does breast cancer spread too

A

Bones
Lung
Liver
Brain

22
Q

Breast cancer screening

A 
Every 3 years 50-70
- although aiming to extending to 47-73 
Mammography
 If brac then screen from 30 
p53 - 20 yrs 
High risk - 40
23
Q

Risk factors for breast cancer

A 
Early menopause
Late menarche 
HRT 
OCP
first child > 35yrs
24
Q

Compments of triples assessment

A

History and clinical assessment
Radiology
Pathology - most commonly FNA

25
Q

Surgical complication of breast surgery

A

Heamatoma, seroma
Frozen shoulder
Long thoracic nerve palsy
Lymphodema

26
Q

Breast cancer prognosis

A

Nottingham prognostic indicatior

  • predict survival and risk of relax
  • 0.2*tumour size + histo grade + nodal status
27
Q

Staging and prognosis of melanocytes

A

Berlows depth
- thickest of tumour -
most important prognostic investigators
Clark staging - Stratfies depth by 5 anatomical levels

28
Q

Definition of a pressure sore

A

Localised injury to the skin or underlying tissue over a bony prominence as a result of pressure or sheer forces

29
Q

Categories of pressure ulcer

A
  1. Non blanchable erythema
  2. Partial thickeners
  3. Full thickness skin loss
  4. Full thickness tissue loss - exposed tendon or muscle
30
Q

Definition of cholestetoma

A

Locally destructive expansion of stratified squamous epithelium within the middle ear or in other area of pneumatised area of the temporal bone

31
Q

Duct ectasia

A

tender lump around the areola +/- a green nipple discharge

32
Q

Duct papilloma

A

Local areas of epithelial proliferation in large mammary ducts with blood stained discharge

Surgery (10 decks)

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