Ortho Flashcards
1
Q
When do Angular Deviations of the Knee’s occur
A
Genu varum (bowlegs) birth - 3 yrs old
Genu valgum (knock-knees) 3 - 7 yrs old
2
Q
Genu Varum causes
A
- physiologic varus
- Blount’s disease (pathologic varus deformity that results from disruption of normal cartilage growth at the medial aspect of the proximal tibial physis
- metabolic cause (such as Rickets)
- Skeletal Dysplasias (such as achondroplasia)
3
Q
Genu Valgum causes
A
- Physiologic valgus
- Apparent valgus (in obese pts with hyperextension but normal on x-ray)
- Metabolic causes
- Post traumatic
- Skeletal Dysplasias
4
Q
Warning signs for Angular deviations
A
- Progressive Deformity
- Asymmetry
- Persistence beyond expected age
- Short stature
- Beyond 2 standard deviations
5
Q
What are the features of Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus)
A
CAVE
Cavus
Adductus
Varus
Equinous
6
Q
What are the Risk of Progression for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)
A
Size of curve:
- larger curve
- thoracic curves
- double primary curves
Physiologic Age
- based on menarche
- risser grade
7
Q
What degree of AIS scoliosis do you treat with bracing?
A
- < 20 observe
- 20 - 30 follow for progression
- 30 - 40 brace
- 40 - 50 ? surgery
- > 50 surgery
8
Q
Red Flags for Scoliosis
A
History:
- pain
- gait change
- weakness
- rapid progression
- bowel/bladder
Physical
- foot deformity
- kyphotic thoracic spine
- abnormal reflexes (check abdominal reflex)
- abnormal pattern
- signs of dysraphism
9
Q
Who to refer for scoliosis
A
- atypical curves (L sided)
- skeletally immature, curve >/ 20 at presentation
- skeletally immature, progressive curve
- rapid progression/pain
- skeletally mature, curve > 45
10
Q
Positive predictors for Septic Arthritis vs Transient Synovitis
A
- Temp > 38 C
- Refusal to weight bear
- WBC > 12 x 10^6
- ESR > 40
11
Q
Risk Factors for DDH
A
- first born
- female
- family hx
- frank breach
- left
- laplanders
- postnatal positioning
- native Canadians
- syndromes
