Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Pediatrics > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What does CN II control? (4)

A
  1. Visual Acuity
  2. Visual Fields
  3. Pupillary light reflex
  4. Fundoscopy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does CN III control (4)

A
  1. Pupil size/reactivity
  2. Accommodation
  3. Extra-ocular movements
  4. Ptosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does CN IV and VI control

A

IV - Superior oblique

VI - Lateral rectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does CN VII control (3)

A
  1. Facial movement
  2. Taste
  3. Lacrimation/salivation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the cerebellum control (5)

A
  1. Nystagmus
  2. Voice (rate rhythm and amplitude)
  3. UE: Finger to nose, rapid alternating movements
  4. LE : heel - shin, toe tapping
  5. Trunk: Romberg, tandem gait
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the instructions to give to a family after a first unprovoked seizure (8)

A
  • likelihood of recurrence: 40% chance w/n 5 years
  • steps to take if another seizure occurs
  • recovery position; don’t restrain
  • don’t insert objects/fingers into mouth
  • time seizure
  • call 911 if: blue/not breathing, sz > 5 min
  • otherwise call doctor for instructions when seizure is over
  • prohibit unobserved swimming/bathing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the different generalized seizures at onset (6)

A 
Tonic Clonic
Tonic
Clonic
Atonic 
Myoclonic
Absence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the different types of Focal seizures

A

Simple Partial
Complex partial

Both can lead to secondary generalized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the DDX of “Spells” (9)

A
  1. Seizures
  2. Pseudoseizures
  3. Syncope
  4. Breath-holding spells
  5. Complex/confusional migraine
  6. Benign paroxysmal vertigo
  7. Panic attacks
  8. Self-stimulating behaviours
  9. Movement disorders (tics, chorea)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List 5 Epilepsy Syndromes

A
  1. Febrile seizures
  2. Benign Epilepsy of Childhood with Rolandic Spikes
    - 8 - 16 yrs old (focal, often involving speech, normal imaging)
    - no treatment or Carbamazepine
  3. Childhood Absence Epilepsy
    - onset 3 - 8 yrs old
    - EEG: 3 Hz spike & wave, triggered by hyperventilation
    - Ethosuximide or VPA
  4. Infantile Spasms/ West Syndrome
    - onset 3 - 8 months
    - EEG: hypsarrhythmia
    - ACTH or Vigabatrin
  5. Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
    - intellectual disability, multiple sz types
    - VPA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Some do not dos with AEDs

A
  • Don’t use phenytoin and carbamezapine for absence szs - will worsen them
  • Carbamezepine is hypermetabolized during fever so don’t use them for febrile seizures
  • Ethosuximide is only effective for absence seizures
  • VPA can cause NTD in pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which AED should not be used for maintenance therapy

A

Dilantin

causes coarsening features, gingival hyperplasia, cerebral atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the definition of migraine (w/o aura)

A 
A. At least 5 attacks
B. HA lasting 1 - 72 hrs
C. Two of:
-bilateral location
-pulsating quality
-Moderate to severe intensity
-Aggravated by physical activity 
D. One of:
- Nausea (+/- vomiting)
- photophobia and/or phonophobia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the acute treatment for Migraines

A

Acetaminophen 15 mg/kg
Ibuprofen 10 mg/kg

no triptans (rare to need especially in prepubertal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In what conditions should you stop OCP if you have migraines

A

Regular migraines (no aura) –> ok to take OCP

Migraine with aura –> OCP contraindicated

Stop the Pill if:

  • headache pattern worsens
  • aura develops
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

There is no supporting evidence for worsening migraines in these conditions (4)

A

Refractive error
Mild dehydration
Skipping meals
Weather Changes

17
Q

What Medications can be used for Migraine Prophylaxis? List 6

A 
Flunarizine
Propranolol
Amitriptyline
VPA
Topiramate
Cyproheptadine
Pizotifen
Gabapentin
Nutraceuticals
18
Q

What are causes of chronic stable ataxia (2)

A

Congenital ataxia

Cerebellar malformation

19
Q

What are causes of chronic worsening ataxia (3)

A

Brain tumor
Multiple Sclerosis
Spinocerebellar degeneration

20
Q

What are causes of recurrent severe ataxia (3)

A

Benign Positional Vertical
Channelopathies
Rare metabolic dz

21
Q

What are causes of Acute Cerebellar Ataxia (4)

A
  1. Demyelination:
    - MRI lesions
    - Associated deficits
  2. Toxic ingestions:
    - Mental status changes
    - Inappropriate behaviours/hallucinations
  3. Guillain Barre
    - Loss of DTR
    - Cranial nerve palsies
    - No nystagmus/vertigo
  4. Conversion disorder
22
Q

What are features of post/para infectious Acute Cerebellar Ataxia (9)

A
  • abrupt onset
  • trunk affected more than limbs
  • vertigo
  • nystagmus
  • afebrile
  • normal mental status
  • normal imaging
  • CSF: wbc 0 - 25
  • recovery over 3 - 6 wks
23
Q

What are features Conversion disorder?

A

A. One or more symptoms or deficits affecting voluntary motor or sensory function.
B. Clinical findings provide evidence of incompatibility between the symptom and recognized neurologic or medical conditions.
C. The symptom or deficit is not better explained by another medical or mental disorder.
D. The symptom or deficit causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning or warrants medical evaluation.

  • a positive diagnosis not a diagnosis of exclusion
  • excessive investigation potential harmful
  • diagnosis should be made by a pediatrician and/or peds neurologist
  • mis diagnosis rate 4%
24
Q

What are things to ask on history for a hypotonic infant

A

Antepartum:

  • drugs/etoh
  • infections
  • fetal growth
  • fetal movement
  • results of u/s MSS, Amnio

Intrapartum:

  • breech?
  • fetal distress?
  • forceps?

Post partum:

  • Apgars
  • szs
  • feeding difficulties/lethargy

Family hx:

  • infant death
  • consanguinity
  • weakness/neuromuscular disease
25
Q

What investigations can you do to work up hypotonia (7)

A
  • CK
  • TSH
  • EMG
  • CT/MRI
  • Muscle biopsy
  • DNA testing
  • Neurology referral

General Pediatrics (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions