Ortho Flashcards by sue omalley

Most common Salter fx

Type II

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SALTER

Slipped
Above 
beLow
Through
Ram

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MC ages for Salter fracture

10-16yo males

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MC salter IV

Distal humerus

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MC salter V

Knee and ankle

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Ligaments of boutonnière deformity

Central slip hood extensor
Lateral bands of extensor hood
PIP in flexion
DIP in extension

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Gamekeepers thumb

Ulnar collateral ligament
UCL for pincher and grasp
Assoc avulsion fx
Forced radial ABduction of MCP

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Mallet finger

Extensor tendon disruption at DIP
DIP flexion injury
Avulsion fx base of distal phalanx

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Bennett’s fx

Ulnar aspect base of thumb at MCP jt

Dislocation subluxation at CMC jt

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Rolando fx

Comminuted intra-articular base if thumb

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Flexion of DIP

FDP

flexor digitorum profundus

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Flexion of PIP

FDS

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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MC fx >50

Colles
Distal radius
Ulnar styloid common
Dinner fork

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Complication if Colles fx

Median n injury

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Smiths fx

Reverse Colles

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MC dorsal chip fx if wrist

Triquetrum fx
Pain dorsum wrist ulna styloid
Painful to flexion

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MC ligamentous injury of hand

Scapholunate dislocation
Commonly missed
>3mm widening if scapholunate space

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Peri lunate dislocation

Capitate displaced

Lunate aligned

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Lunate dislocation

Capitate aligned

Lunate displaced

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MC carpal fx

Scaphoid

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Tinels sign

CTS

Tap volar wrist - paresthesiss

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Phalens sign

Hyper flex wrist - paresthesia

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MC work related injuries

2. DeQuervajns tenosynovitid

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Finkelsteins test

DeQuervajns

Ulnar deviation of fisted hand pain

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G R | U M

Galeazzi distal Radius Ulnar n injury Monteggia prox Ulna Radial n injury

MCC compartment syndrome in peds

Both bone forearm fx

Kanavel's sign

Diffuse fusiform swelling Pain on palpating proximal sheath Severe pain on extension Held in slightly flexed position

Elbow dislocation

Ulnar nerve Brachial a Posterior Med epicondyle fx common in kids

MC occult elbow fx in adults

Radial head fx

MC occult elbow fx in children

Supra condylar fx | R/o median n injury

Anterior humersl line test

Bisects middle third if capitellum

Rotator cuff muscles

``` SITS Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis ```

MC fx in children

Clavicle

Rotator cuff injuries

Unable to AB duct or externally rotate

MC hip fx

Intertrochanteric

Legg Calve Perthes

AVN hip Boys 4-8 PAIN AND LIMP

MC cause painf hip in infant

Septic arthritis

MC cause painful hip in kids

Transient Toxic Synovitis

MC area for compartment syndrome

Anterior tibial compartment | Tibial fx

Thompson sign

Squeeze calf Plantar flexion Achilles intact

Achilles' tendon rupture

Thompson sign positive - no plantar flexion on squeeze of calf muscle Splint in equinus splint, toe point

Maisonneuve fx

Medial Ankle sprain with prox fib fx

MC cspine injury in adults

C5/7

Unstable cervical fx

Jefferson bit off a hangmans thumb ``` Jefferson burst C1 Bifacet dislocation Odontoid II and III Any fx with dislocation Hangman fx - posterior element C2 Teardrop fx ```

MC cervical fx in kids

Odontoid fx

Spinal cord posterior columns

Position and vibration sense

Spinal cord lateral corticospinal tract

Pyramidal | Upper motor neurons

Spinal cord anterior horn cells

Lower motor neurons

Spinal cord anterior spunk thalamus tract

Pain and temp sensation

Wallenberg brain stem

Motor Face Opposite arm/leg

Brown Sequard

Crossed findings below level Ipsi weakness, loss position vibration Contra loss pain temperature

Anterior cord

Complete motor below level Loss pain temperature below level Vibration proprioception preserved

Central Cord

Weakness ARMS>>legs Sacral sparing Some loss bladder control Some decreased sensation

Transverse Cord

Complete loss all sensory and motor Transverse myelitis West Nile Dead crows/bluejays

Posterior cord

Loss if position vibration B12 deficiency Tertiary syphyllis Trauma extension injury

Neurogenic Shock

Bradycardia - unopposed parasympathetic Above T4 Hypotension - rx IVF Warm, flushed, dry skin Heat loss=hypothermia Flaccid paralysis Loss of reflexes

Cauda Equina

Bowel bladder dysfunction Perinatal anesthesia Bilat sciatica Measure PVR

Predental space

<5mm kids

Prevertebral space

6mm. C2 | 22mm. C6

Wedge fx

L1 L2 T12 Unstable if >50% loss anterior body height

Pediatric hip problem ages

LCP 4-8 Toxic Synovitis 4-10 SCFE 10-16 Septic arthritis any age

C5 nerve root

Biceps reflex Deltoid sensory Deltoid ABduction Biceps elbow flexion

C7 nerve root

Triceps reflex Long finger sensory Triceps elbow extension

C8 nerve root

Finger ADDuction

C6 nerve root

Biceps reflex Brachioradialis reflex Thumb index sensory Biceps elbow flexion Wrist extensors

L4 nerve root

Knee jerk Knee medial leg sensory Knee extension

L5 nerve root

Dorsum foot sensory Big toe sensory Foot dorsiflexion

S1 nerve root

Ankle jerk Lateral foot, sole sensory Foot plantar flexion