Ortho Flashcards
etiologies of low back pain
-injury to paravertebral spinal muscles
-intervertebral disk
management of low back pain
-reassurance and education
-NSAIDs and tylenol
MOI of olecranon bursitis
direct blow
Presentation of olecranon bursitis
pain and swelling of bursa
diagnosis of bursitis
aspiration of fluid
management of bursitis
-mild: NSAIDs
-severe: aspirate, compression bandage
treatment of septic bursitis
mild: bactrim
severe: IV vanc
s/s of rotator cuff tendonitits
-aching and soreness with repetitive activity
-pain with ADLs
-positive empty can, neers, and hawkins
-tender to palpation
diagnosis of rotator cuff tendonitis
-US
-MRI
management of rotator cuff tendonitis
rest and PT
presentation of costochondritis
pain and tenderness on the breastbone, pain in multiple ribs that is reproducible
diagnosis of costochondritis
Clinical
Treatment of costochondritis
NSAIDs
s/s of gout
-swollen, red joint
-mc at night
diagnosis of gout
-joint fluid analysis
-rat bite on xray
treatment of gout
-low purine diet
-NSAIDs
-Colchicine
-Allopurinol
-corticosteroids for acute attack
gout vs pseudogout
Gout - negatively birefringent; Crystals are NEEDLE shaped and yellow when parallel to the light
Pseudogout - weakly positive birefringent; Crystals are RHOMBOID shaped and blue when parallel to the light
treatment of pseudogout
NSAIDs
what is fibromyalgia
widespread musculoskeletal pain with multiple tender points but no clear objective findings
s/s of fibromyalgia
-chronic fatigue and generalized aching pain
-worsens with exertion
-normal exam
-associated psych conditions
-at least 3 months
diagnosis of fibromyalgia
diagnosis of exclusion
treatment of fibromyalgia
-aerobic activity
-cymbalta
-cyclobenzaprine
-amytriptyline
cause of ganglion cyst
fluid filled swelling over a joint or tendon sheath
s/s of ganglion cyst
-firm, smooth, and rubbery
-transilluminates
management of ganglion cyst
-observation
-aspiration
-surgical removal
etiology of osteoarthritis
-mechanical stress
s/s of osteoarthritis
pain, stiffness, enlargement, tenderness, limited range of motion and deformity
diagnosis of osteoarthritis
xray
treatment of osteoarthritis
- tylenol
-NSAIDs
-joint injection
-joint replacement
etiology of osteoporosis
-medications
-hormones
-old age
-malnutrition
s/s of osteoporosis
-pathologic fracture
-loss of vertebral height
-back pain
pathologic fractures
-compression fracture of vertebrae
-hip fracture
-distal radius fracture
diagnosis of osteoporosis
T score <-2.5
normal T score
T >-1.0
treatment of osteoporosis
-lifestyle modifications
-vitamin D
-bisphosphonates
overuse syndrome
injury caused by accumulated microtraumatic stress placed on a structure or body area
treatment of overuse syndrome
-reassurance
-NSAIDs
-rest
MCC of heel pain
plantar fasciitis
s/s of plantar fasciitis
-heel pain when walking
-most severe first thing in morning
-tenderness along plantar fascia
treatment of plantar fasciitis
-OTC orthotic heel pad
-home stretching program
-NSAIDs
s/s of reactive arthritis
-arthritis
-urethritis
-conjunctivitis
-uveitis
-mouth ulcers
diagnosis of reactive arthritis
HLA-B27 positive, negative synovial fluid culture
treatment of reactive arthritis
-NSAIDs
-anti-TNF
s/s of rheumatoid arthritis
-symmetrical swelling of multiple joints
-stiffness for first 30 minutes in morning and after inactivity
-hand deformities
-rheumatoid nodules
diagnosis of RA
-anti-CCP and RF
treatment of RA
-methotrexate
sprain vs strain
-sprain: ligament
-strain: muscle
s/s of sprains/strains
-swelling
-tenderness
-pain
-bruising
grading of muscle strains
-1: few fibers torn, fascia intact
-2: moderate amount of fibers torn, fascia intact
-3: all or most of fibers torn, fascia intact
-4: tear of all fibers, fascia torn
grading of ligament sprains
-1: few fibers torn
-2: partial tear of ligament
-3: complete tear of ligament
treatment of strains and sprains
-RICE
-work on ROM after a couple days
s/s of SLE
-low grade fever
-joint pain
-butterfly rash
diagnosis of SLE
-4/11 s/s present
-anti-dsDNA
-anti-smith
-ANA
treatment of lupus
-hydroxychloroquine
