Derm Flashcards
acanthosis nigricans
darkening of the skin caused by elevated glucose
treatment of acanthosis nigricans
glucose control and weight loss
Etiology of acne vulgaris
-sebum
-bacteria
-inflammation
categories of acne
-mild: <20 comedones, <15 pustules
-moderate: 20-100 comedones, 15-50 pustules
-severe: >100 comedones, >50 pustules, any cysts/nodules
treatment of mild acne
-BPO
-tretinoin
-topical antibiotics
treatment of moderate acne
-BPO
-tretinoin
-doxycycline
treatment of severe acne
-same as moderate
-can try accutane
actinic keratosis
precancerous lesion on sun exposed area of skin
s/s of AK
flat, scaly, rough lesions
treatment of AK
cryo
5fu
etiology of androgenic alopecia
genetic
s/s of angrogenic alopecia
-gradual thinning
diagnosis of androgenic alopecia
-clinical
-biopsy
etiology of alopecia areata
autoimmune
treatment of androgenic alopecia
topical rogaine
men: finasteride
s/s of alopecia areata
-patchy hair loss
-black dots (exclamation hairs)
diagnosis of alopecia areata
biopsy
treatment of alopecia areata
midoxinil + topical steroid
s/s of basal cell carcinoma
pink/red pearly nodule with visible vessels
ulcerating BCC
like nodular but with central ulcer
sclerosing BCC
plaque, scar like lesion
diagnosis of BCC
biopsy
treatment of BCC
mohs
etiology of bullous pemphigoid
autoimmune disorder
s/s of bullous pemphigoid
-large, tense, firm topped lesions
-painful erosions after rupture
-negative nikolsky
diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid
perilesional biopsy
treatment of bullous pemphigoid
prednisone
cellulitis vs erysipelas
-cellulitis doesn’t have distinct boarders and erysipelas does
Treatment of Cellulitis & Erysipelas
-MRSA risk: clinda, bactrim, or doxy
-no MRSA risk: keflex
-bite: augmentin
etiology of condyloma
HPV 6 and 11
s/s of condyloma
-flat topped papules
-cauliflower lesions
-flesh colored
diagnosis of condyloma
-typically clinical
-pap smear
treatment of condyloma
-imiquimod
-cryo
-surgical removal
-may resolve on own
etiology of eczema
IgE mediated
s/s of eczema
-red, scaly, plaques or papules
-itchy
diagnosis of eczema
clinical
treatment of eczema
-low strength steroid
-moisturizer
-antihistamines
etiology of seb derm
yeast
s/s of seb derm
-greasy, yellow scales
-erythematous base
diagnosis of seb derm
clinical
treatment of seb derm
-ketoconazole shampoo
-topical steroids
s/s of fixes drug eruption
-erythematous plaque or patch that recurs in the same site if reexposure occurs
treatment of drug eruption
-d/c drug
-topical steroid
-topical abx if eroded
s/s of dyshidrotic eczema
-tapioca like vesicles
-on fingers
s/s of dyshidrotic eczema
-tapioca like vesicles
-on fingers
treatment of dyshydrotic eczema
topical steroids
etiology of erythema multiforme
-infections and drugs
s/s of erythema multiforme
-erythematous, papular lesion
-tense, firm topped
-contain serous or hemorrhagic fluid
-positive nikolsky sign
treatment of EM
-topical steroids
-recurrent: daily prophylactic antiviral
s/s of measles (rubeola)
-URI sx
-koplik spots
-rash starts on face and trunk and spreads to limbs
-then fades in the same pattern in 6 days
s/s of rubella
Maculopapular rash that starts on the head and travels down the body after if fades from face
etiology of erythema infectiosum
Parvovirus B19
s/s of erythema infectiosum
-slapped cheek rash
-then spreads distally
etiology of roseola infantum
HHV 6/7
s/s of roseola infantum
-abrupt onset of high fever
-fever drops and rash appears
s/s of folliculitis
infection of the hair follicle with pus in the ostium of the follicle
treatment of folliculitis
-mild: BPO wash
-moderate: topical abx
-severe: oral abx
s/s of HS
-open comedones
-nodules with sinus tracts
-abscesses
-scarring
management of HS
-intralesional steroids
-doxy
-i&d
-biologics
s/s of impetigo
-honey colored crust
treatment of impetigo
Mupirocin
kaposi sarcoma
-cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremities that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal organs
-frequently seen with AIDS
treatment of kaposi sarcoma
HAART
treatment of lice
Permethrin
s/s of lichen planus
-flat topped papules
-whickham striae
diagnosis of lichen planus
biopsy
treatment of lichen planus
topical steroids
lichen simplex chronicus
lichenified plaques from excessive rubbing and scratching
treatment of lichen simplex chronicus
stop itch scratch cycle with antihistamines or topical steroids
s/s of epidermal cyst
-raised nodule with central punctum
treatment of epidermal inclusion cyst
-if inflamed or infected, I&D
-surgical excision
s/s of melanoma
-asymmetry (not round or oval)
-irregular border
-uneven color
-diameter >6 mm
-elevation/change from flat
diagnosis of melanoma
biopsy
treatment of melanoma
surgical excision
melasma
hyperpigmentation on the face in sun exposed areas
treatment of melasma
tri-luma
s/s of molluscum
small, smooth, umbilicated papules
treatment of molluscum
-typically heal on their own
-cryo
-salicylic acid
nummular eczema
coin shaped scaly plaques
treatment of nummular eczema
same as atopic
onychomycosis
fungal infection of the nail
diagnosis of onychomycosis
-clipping or scraping
-biopsy or KOH
treatment of onychomycosis
-topical antifungal for a year
-terbinafine or 6-12 weeks
paronychia
inflammation of the nail fold with abscess formation
treatment of paronychia
-I&D
-oral abx
pilonidal cyst
cyst above gluteal cleft
treatment of pilonidal cyst
I&D of the abscess followed by sterile packing
s/s of pityriasis rosea
-single herald patch
-then generalized rash in christmas tree pattern
-remits in 6 weeks
treatment of pityriasis rosea
self remitting
s/s of psoriasis
erythematous plaque with white scales
diagnosis of psoriasis
clinical
biopsy
treatment of psoriasis
topical steroids
calcitriol
biologics
s/s of rosacea
-erythema
-papules
-telangiectasias
-sensitivity
treatment of rosacea
-lifestyle changes
-metronidazole
-azelaic acid
s/s of scabies
-night itching
-black speck
-burrow
diagnosis of scabies
-scabies prep
-jetliner with its trail on dermoscopy
treatment of scabies
Permethrin
s/s of seborrheic keratosis
-stuck on
-dark, rough lesions
treatment of seborrheic keratosis
-only removed for cosmetic reasons
-cryo
s/s of black widow bite
-htn
-tachycardia
-palpitations
-SOB
-excessive salivation
-n/v
-fang marks and halo around lesion
s/s of brown recluse bite
-pain
-swelling
-bullae
-necrosis
-hemolysis
treatment of spider bites
-wound irrigation
-cold compress
-symptomatic treatment
-tetanus
-antivenom
etiology of SJS/TEN
drugs
s/s of SJS/TEN
-epidermal detachment
-positive nikolsky sign
SJS vs TEN
SJS <10%
TEN >30%
treatment of SJS/TEN
-fluids
-pain meds
-wound care
-steroids and IVIG
tinea capitis
-grey, scaly patches on scalp
-black dot
diagnosis of tinea capitis
KOH prep
woods lamp
treatment of tinea capitis
-terbinafine for adults
-griseofulvin for kids
tinea cruris
large scales with central clearing of the groin
treatment of tinea cruris
topical antifungal
tinea corporis
ringworm
treatment of tinea corporis
topical antifungal
tinea pedis
erythema, scaling, and maceration of the foot
treatment of tinea pedis
topical antifungal
tinea versicolor
overgrowth of malassezia furfur
s/s of tinea versicolor
-itching
-hyperpigmented and erythematous
diagnosis of tinea versicolor
KOH shows budding yeast and hyphae
treatment of tinea versicolor
topical antifunfals
treatment of warts
-SA
-cryo
-cantharadin
s/s of vitiligo
loss of pigmentation with sharp margins
treatment of vitiligo
none
