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Year 6 > ortho > Flashcards

ortho Flashcards

1
Q

which antibiotic is associated with tendon disorders

A

quinolones

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2
Q

achilles tendonitis risk factors

A

quinolones
hypercholesteraemia

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3
Q

achiles tendonitis mx

A

simple analgesia
calf muscle eccentric exercises

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4
Q

simmonds triad

A

palpable gap
lack of plantarflexion on calf squeeze test
altered angle of declination

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5
Q

AT ix

A

ultrasound

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6
Q

what movement is most affected in adhesive capulitis

A

external rotation

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7
Q

ottawa rule

A

xray indicated only if:

malleolar pain AND one of the following:
1. tenderness over lateral or medial malleolar zone
2. inability to nweight bear immediately after injury

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8
Q

weber classification

A

type a = above syndesmosis
type b = at syndesmosis
type c = below syndesmosis

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9
Q

Maisonneuve fracture

A

spiral fibular fracture that leads to disruption of the syndesmosis with widening of the ankle joint

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10
Q

hopkin’s test

A

pain when the T and F are squeezed together

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11
Q

avascular necrosis of the hip causes

A

steroids
chemotherapy
alcohol excess
trauma

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12
Q

bicep tendons origin

A

long head - glenoid
short head - coracoid process

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13
Q

bicep tendon insertion

A

radial tuberosity

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14
Q

what medication weakens tendons

A

corticosteroids

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15
Q

mechanism of bicep rupture:
proximal tendons
distal tendon

A

P = when biceps are lengthened and contracted and loads is applied
D = elbow flexed and quickly extends whilst bicep still contracted

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16
Q

when should MRI be carried out for biceps rupture

A

distal ruptures - clinically harder to find

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17
Q

buckle fracture

A

incomplete fractures along shaft of long bone that causes bulging of cortex
common in children

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18
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome mx

A

mild-to-mod:
- 6 weeks of conservative mx (CS injections and wrist splint)

severe or persisting:
- flexor retinaculum division

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19
Q

causes of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

idiopathic
rheumatoid
pregnancy
oedema
lunate fracture

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20
Q

charcot joint

A

neuropathic joint

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21
Q

colles’ fracture definition

A

distal radial fracture with dorsal displacement of fragments.
3 features
1. trransverse fracture of radius
2. 1 inch proximal to the RC joint
3. dorsal displacement

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22
Q

colles’ cx

A

early:
- median nerve injury
- compartment syndrome
late:
- osteoarthritis

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23
Q

finkelstein’s test

A

test for de querveins tenosynovitis:

examiner pulls thumb in ulnar deviation and longitudinal traction causing pain over radial styloid process

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24
Q

de querveins tenosynovitis mx

A

analesgia
steroid injection

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25
Q

discitis - most common cause?

A

staph aureus

26
Q

discitis mx

A

gold standard is 6-8 weeks of IV abx therapy

27
Q

when to consider surgery for dupuytrens contracture

A

cannot straight MCP joints so hand is flat on table

28
Q

lateral epicondylitis sx

A

pain and tenderness around region
pain worse on wrist extension when elbow extended or supination of the forearm when elbow extended

29
Q

medial epicondylitis sx

A

pain worse on wrist flexion and pronation

30
Q

bennett’s fracture

A

intra-articular fracture of the first CMC joint
caused by impact of flexion of CMC (fist fight)

31
Q

monteggia’s fracture

A

proximal radio-ulnar dislocation in association with an ulna fracture

32
Q

galeazzi fracture

A

radial shaft fracture associated with dislocation of distal radio-ulnar joint

33
Q

pott’s fracture

A

bimalleolar fracture
forces foot eversion

34
Q

fat embolus mx

A

prompt fixation of bone
DVT prophylaxis

35
Q

hip dislocation - most common variant

A

posterior (90%) - leg shortened, adducted and internally rotated

36
Q

anterior hip dislocation features

A

leg abducted and externally rotated
no leg shortening

37
Q

complications of hip dislocations

A

sciatic or remoral nerve injury
avascular necrosis
osteo
recurrence

38
Q

intracapasular fractures

A

also known as subcapital
- from edge of femoral head to insertion of capsule of the hip joint

39
Q

garden system

A

for hip fractures

1 = stable fracture with impaction in valgus
2 = complete fracture but undisplaced
3 = complete displaced fracture
4 = complete boney disruption

difference between 3 and 4 is there is still boney contact in 3

40
Q

intracapsular fracture tx

A

undisplaced = INTERNAL FIXATION or hemiarthroplasty if unfit
displaced = arthroplasty –> total over hemi if:
1. patient could walk independently outdoors w/out stick before injury
2. not cognitively impaired
3. are medically fit for anesthesia and procedure

41
Q

extracapsular fracture tx

A

stable intratrochanteric = DHS
if reverse oblique, transverse or subtrochancteric = intramedullary device

42
Q

iliopsoas abscess:
- most common cause
- ix of choice
- mx

A
  • crohns
  • CT
  • percutaneous drainage and abx
43
Q

unhappy triad

A

damage to lateral knee causing damage to:
1. ACL
2. MCL
3. meniscus

44
Q

menisci injuries come from

A

twisting injuries
locking and giving way are common sx

45
Q

MCL injuries

A

come from valgus stress

46
Q

ruptured PCL injuries

A

come from hyperextension

47
Q

tibial plateau fracture

A

typically older patients
knee fractures before ligaments
varus stress causes medial plateu injury

48
Q

L5 compression causes

A

sensory loss to dorsum of dfoot
weakness in big toe dorsiflexion
reflexes intact

49
Q

lumbar spinal stenosis cardinal sx

A

pt find it easier to walk uphill rather than downhill

50
Q

meralgia paresthetica nerve

A

lateraol femoral cutaneous nerve

51
Q

mangled extremity scoring system

A

scoring system to ascertain whether open fractures with arterial injury need amputation

52
Q

5th metatarsal fractures are associated with

A

lateral ankle sprain caused by inversion injuries

53
Q

surgery for osteoarthrtic hips

A

cemented THR

54
Q

scaphoid fractures tx

A

undsiplaced: cast for 6-8 weeks
displaced: surgical fixation
proximal scaphoid pole fractures: surgical fixation

55
Q

sublaxation of the raidal head:
who does it affect more
tx

A
  1. children - weaker attachment of the annular ligament covering radial head
  2. analgesia and passive supination of the elbow joint when the elbow flexed at 90 degrees
56
Q

SH type 2

A

fracture through physis and metaphysis

57
Q

SH type 3

A

fracture through physis and epiphysis to involve joint

58
Q

SH type 4

A

fracture through physis, metaphysis and epiphysis

59
Q

femoral nerve injury

A

weakness in knee extension
loss of patella reflex
numbness in thigh

60
Q

sciatic nerve injury

A

weakness in knee flexion
weakness in foot movements

61
Q

metatarsal stress fracture commonest site

A

2nd metatarsal shaft

62
Q
A

Year 6 (7 decks)

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