Ortho

Question 1

5 stages of bone remodelling

Answer 1

Quiescence
Activation
Resorption
Reversal
Formation

Question 2

Ideal management for knee dislocation

Answer 2

Reduce
Angiogram to rule out popliteal artery injury
Should be repaired within 6 hours

Question 3

What is a Volkmann’s contracture and what causes it?

Answer 3

Ischemic flexion of forearm muscles due to compartment syndrome and occlusion of brachial artery

common causes: supracondylar #, proximal forearm #, any elbow injury

Question 4

What are signs and symptoms of volkmann’s contracture?

Answer 4

Cool/cyanotic fingers
Absent radial pulse
Pain on passive extension
Weak hand strength
Paresthesias
Late = flexion contracture of wrist and fingers

Question 5

Treatment oof Volkmann’s contracture

Answer 5

Reduce fracture/dislocatiion
Fix brachial artery or release vasospasm (papaverine)
Late: reconstructive procedures

Question 6

What is a LeFort fracture?

Answer 6

MUST Involves pterygoid plate - may result in pterygomaxillary separation
Can be horizontal, pyramidal, or transverse

Question 7

Types of LeFort fractures (3)

Answer 7

I - through maxilla
II - maxilla&raquo_space; inferior orbit&raquo_space; lacrimal bone
III - zygomatic arch&raquo_space; lateral orbit&raquo_space; inferior orbit&raquo_space;lacrimal bone

Question 8

Closure options for fasciotomy?

Answer 8

Secondary intent
Delayed primary closure
Delayed skin grafting

NEVER LOOSE CLOSURE WITH DRAIN