Ortho

Question 1

fracture

Answer 1

a break or crack in a bone

Question 2

fracture causes

Answer 2

• trauma
• twisting
• disease process

Question 3

general fracture healing time

Answer 3

3-12 weeks

Question 4

closed fracture

Answer 4

• simple fracture

- no break in skin

Question 5

open fracture

Answer 5

• break in skin

- worried about infection - can be limb threatening

Question 6

complete fracture

Answer 6

all the way through the bone

Question 7

incomplete fracture

Answer 7

• crack

- not all the way through

Question 8

ORIF

Answer 8

• open reduction internal fixation
• surgical repair
• internal screws or external hardware

Question 9

closed reduction

Answer 9

• manually reduction of bone

- cast

Question 10

compartment syndrome

Answer 10

• muscles/nerves/blood vessels enclosed in fibrous membrane
• increased pressure within confined space
• can = permanent tissue damage

Question 11

fat emboli

Answer 11

• fat globules live bone marrow and enter bloodstream
• most common in long bone fractures
• MVA, hip replacement, fracture pelvis

Question 12

DVT

Answer 12

• blood clot in a deep vein
• most common in legs
• 45-70% hip/knee surgery

Question 13

Osteoporosis

Answer 13

• porous bone

- progressive metabolic bone disease

Question 14

most common organism causing orthodox infections

Answer 14

• staphylococcus epidermis or aureus

Question 15

skin traction

Answer 15

• to stabilize and stop spams

- nerve and vascular assessment

Question 16

what to monitor with pulley and weight

Answer 16

• string intact, no knots
• bag can move
• bag is off floor

Question 17

cast care

Answer 17

• handle wet cast with palms
• elevate limb above heart to reduce swelling
• CMST assessment
• skin integrity around edges
• keep clean and dry
• don’t put anything in cast

Question 18

CMST assessment

Answer 18

• colour
• mobility
• sensation
• temperature

Question 19

BKA

Answer 19

below the knee amputation

Question 20

AKA

Answer 20

above the knee amputation

Question 21

cause of most amputations

Answer 21

• peripheral vascular disease

- 50% from DM

Question 22

rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - 8

Answer 22

• autoimmune disease
• chronic inflammatory disorder
• morning stiffness lasts 1 hour-all day
• 20s-50s
• exacerbations and remissions
• systemic
• small joints first
• symmetrical joint involvement

Question 23

osteoarthritis (OA) - 9

Answer 23

• Non-inflammatory type of arthritis
• slow progression and irreversible
• morning stiffness lasts 10-30 mins
• crepitations
• 40s-50s
• variable, progressive
• local
• weight bearing joints
• asymmetrical joint involvement (old fracture/injury)

Question 24

2 most common arthritis types

Answer 24

• rheumatoid arthritis

- osteoarthritis

Question 25

osteoarthritis treatment option

Answer 25

• joint replacement
• replace with artificial joint
• resolves pain after surgery recovery

Question 26

inflamed knuckles

Answer 26

osteoarthritis

Question 27

fingers bending off to side

Answer 27

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 28

fasciotomy

Answer 28

• cut open compartment and leave open w retention sutures

- done preventative if high risk

Question 29

petechial rash

Answer 29

• little red dots

Question 30

homans sign

Answer 30

• person bends toes up to body

- pain in calf

Question 31

phantom limb pain treatment

Answer 31

• OT
• narcotics
• mirrors

Question 32

increased risk of phantom limb pain

Answer 32

• high pain pre amputation

- traumatic amputation