Ortho Flashcards
1
Q
fracture
A
a break or crack in a bone
2
Q
fracture causes
A
- trauma
- twisting
- disease process
3
Q
general fracture healing time
A
3-12 weeks
4
Q
closed fracture
A
- simple fracture
- no break in skin
5
Q
open fracture
A
- break in skin
- worried about infection - can be limb threatening
6
Q
complete fracture
A
all the way through the bone
7
Q
incomplete fracture
A
- crack
- not all the way through
8
Q
ORIF
A
- open reduction internal fixation
- surgical repair
- internal screws or external hardware
9
Q
closed reduction
A
- manually reduction of bone
- cast
10
Q
compartment syndrome
A
- muscles/nerves/blood vessels enclosed in fibrous membrane
- increased pressure within confined space
- can = permanent tissue damage
11
Q
fat emboli
A
- fat globules live bone marrow and enter bloodstream
- most common in long bone fractures
- MVA, hip replacement, fracture pelvis
12
Q
DVT
A
- blood clot in a deep vein
- most common in legs
- 45-70% hip/knee surgery
13
Q
Osteoporosis
A
- porous bone
- progressive metabolic bone disease
14
Q
most common organism causing orthodox infections
A
- staphylococcus epidermis or aureus
15
Q
skin traction
A
- to stabilize and stop spams
- nerve and vascular assessment
16
Q
what to monitor with pulley and weight
A
- string intact, no knots
- bag can move
- bag is off floor
17
Q
cast care
A
- handle wet cast with palms
- elevate limb above heart to reduce swelling
- CMST assessment
- skin integrity around edges
- keep clean and dry
- don’t put anything in cast
18
Q
CMST assessment
A
- colour
- mobility
- sensation
- temperature
19
Q
BKA
A
below the knee amputation
20
Q
AKA
A
above the knee amputation
21
Q
cause of most amputations
A
- peripheral vascular disease
- 50% from DM
22
Q
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - 8
A
- autoimmune disease
- chronic inflammatory disorder
- morning stiffness lasts 1 hour-all day
- 20s-50s
- exacerbations and remissions
- systemic
- small joints first
- symmetrical joint involvement
23
Q
osteoarthritis (OA) - 9
A
- Non-inflammatory type of arthritis
- slow progression and irreversible
- morning stiffness lasts 10-30 mins
- crepitations
- 40s-50s
- variable, progressive
- local
- weight bearing joints
- asymmetrical joint involvement (old fracture/injury)
24
Q
2 most common arthritis types
A
- rheumatoid arthritis
- osteoarthritis
25
osteoarthritis treatment option
- joint replacement
- replace with artificial joint
- resolves pain after surgery recovery
26
inflamed knuckles
osteoarthritis
27
fingers bending off to side
rheumatoid arthritis
28
fasciotomy
- cut open compartment and leave open w retention sutures
| - done preventative if high risk
29
petechial rash
- little red dots
30
homans sign
- person bends toes up to body
| - pain in calf
31
phantom limb pain treatment
- OT
- narcotics
- mirrors
32
increased risk of phantom limb pain
- high pain pre amputation
| - traumatic amputation
