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Surgery Test 1 > Ortho 1 > Flashcards

Ortho 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What infections are common with open fractures of the foot that damages shoes?

A

Pseudomonas

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2
Q

What ABX should be used for open fractures associated with farm injuries?

A

Penicillin

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3
Q

What general ABX should be given for open fractures?

A

1st gen. cephalosporin

-Larger wounds/soft tissue damage: Aminoglycoside

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4
Q

How are open fractures classified?

A

Type 1, 2, and 3

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5
Q

What characterizes a type 1 open fracture?

A

Low energy impact

  • Less then 1 cm
  • Inside-out
  • Transverse or oblique
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6
Q

What characterizes a type 2 open fracture?

A
  • More energy
  • Greater than 1 cm
  • Mild to moderate crushing
  • Often some comminution
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7
Q

What characterizes a type 3 open fracture?

A

Greater than 10 cm
Significant fracture fragment comminution
Extensive soft tissue damage
Grossly contaminated

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8
Q

Which type of open fracture has 3 subtypes?

A

Type 3

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9
Q

What characterizes a type A open fracture?

A

Adequate tissue coverage of bone

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10
Q

What characterizes a type B open fracture?

A

Bone exposure that requires a flap or graft

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11
Q

What characterizes a type C open fracture?

A

Circulatory compromise

-Requires vascular repair or reconstruction to reperfuse the limb

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12
Q

What is a torus fracture?

A
  • Bulge in cortex
  • Goes all the way through
  • Common in children
  • Pain limits function but does not cause complaints
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13
Q

What is a greenstick fracture?

A
  • A break in one cortex

- Childhood fracture; bones are softer and more flexible

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14
Q

Which type of fracture is known as the “toddler’s fracture”?

A

Spiral

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15
Q

What characterizes a spiral fracture?

A
  • Break wraps around long axis of bone

- Often the tibia

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16
Q

What characterizes a segmental fracture?

A

Bone broken with distinct segment broken out

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17
Q

What are pathologic fractures?

A

Fractures caused by benign or malignant lesions

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18
Q

What are some common locations for compartment syndrome?

A
  • Foot
  • Leg
  • Thigh
  • Forearm
  • Hand
  • Shoulder
  • Butt
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19
Q

After how many hours does compartment syn. cause permanent damage, including muscle and nerve death?

A

8 hours

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20
Q

After how many hours of compartment syndrome can tissues be totally viable?

A

4 hours

-More variable after 6 hours

21
Q

What condition are the 5 Ps associated with?

A

Compartment syndrome

22
Q

What is the most sensitive test for compartment syndrome?

A

Severe pain with passive ROM

23
Q

What is the treatment for compartment syndrome?

A

Surgery:

  • Fasciotomy
  • Excision of necrosed tissue
24
Q

What condition is associated with Virchow’s Triad?

A

DVT

25
Q

What are Virchow’s Triad?

A
  • Stasis
  • Intimal injury
  • Hypercoagulability
26
Q

What is Homan’s sign?

A

Pain in calf during dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint while knee is fully extended
-DVT

27
Q

What are the symptoms of a PE?

A
  • Pleuritic chest pain
  • Tachypnea
  • R BBB on EKG
  • Tachycardia
28
Q

What bacteria are associated with necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Group A Strep

-Also Clostridium

29
Q

What is a felon?

A

Pulp of nail at tip of finger

-I&D

30
Q

What is Kanavel’s sign?

A
  • Sausage fingers
  • Inflammation of tendon sheath
  • Finger held flexed w/ pain on passive movement
31
Q

Where is most common bite wound involving human-to-human contact?

A

3rd and 4th MC joint

-Fight bite

32
Q

What bacteria are associated with human bites?

A

Strep. viridans

  • S. aureus
  • Eikenella (Augmentin)
33
Q

What bacteria are associated with dog bites?

A

S. viridans

  • Pasteurella
  • S. aureus (Augmentin)
34
Q

What bacteria are associated with cat bites?

A

Pasteurella

  • S. aureus
  • Augmentin
35
Q

What is a C1 ring fracture called?

A

Jefferson’s fracture

36
Q

What is a C2 isthmus fracture?

A

Hangman’s

37
Q

What is a C6-T1 spinous process avulsion fracture?

A

Clay shoveler’s

38
Q

What comprises the anterior column of the spinal column?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) and anterior vertebral body

39
Q

What comprises the middle column of the spinal column?

A

The posterior vertebral body to the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL).

40
Q

What comprises the posterior column of the spinal column?

A

The PLL to the spinous process.

41
Q

What is a compression fracture?

A

Failure of the anterior column w/ preservation of the middle column.

42
Q

What is a burst fracture?

A

Failure of the anterior and middle columns w/ axial load; +/- posterior column involvement
-More likely to be unstable

43
Q

Where does the spinal cord end in most adults?

A

L2

44
Q

Treatment for a coccyx fracture?

A

Donut pad
Stool softener
Time

45
Q

A burst fracture where can cause bladder/bowel dysfunction?

A

L1-L2

46
Q

What drug should we give patients if we suspect a neuro deficit with a spinal injury?

A

IV Methylprednisolone

47
Q

In whom is methylprednisolone contraindicated?

A

Pregnancy
Age <13
Uncontrolled DM
Open spine injury

48
Q

How long should a spinal injury patient be on Methylprednisolone if they are not given it within the first 3 hours?

A

48 hours

49
Q

How long should a spinal injury patient be on methylprednisolone if they are given it within 3 hours?

A

24 hours

Surgery Test 1 (7 decks)

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