ORSA 3

Question 1

Greenstick fracture

Answer 1

often seen in children; bone doesn’t break all the way through and instead becomes sharply bent

Question 2

Impacted fracture

Answer 2

one bone fragment is driven into another bone fragment

Question 3

avulsion fracture (of the greater tubercle of the humerus)

Answer 3

the tendon or ligament pulls off a piece of the bone; a small part of the tubercle is avulsed (torn away)

Question 4

fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

Answer 4

especially common in elderly people with osteoporosis

Question 5

bicipital myotatic reflex

Answer 5

biceps reflex is tested in PE examinations; deep tendon reflex; examiner’s hand is wrapped around arm at level of cubital fossa and thumb is held strongly on biceps tendon; then the reflex hammer is tapped strongly onto examiner’s thumb to test for the reflex in the patient

Question 6

fracture of humoral shaft

Answer 6

can be midhumoral fracture or supra-epicondylar fracture (fracture of distal humerus near supra-condylar ridges)

Question 7

venipuncture in the cubital fossa

Answer 7

median cubital vein is usually selected for blood sampling, transfusions, IV injections

Question 8

fracture of olecranon

Answer 8

“fractured elbow”; often considered to be an avulsion fracture

Question 9

coxa vara/coxa valga

Answer 9

all about the angle of inclination between the long axis of the femoral neck and the femoral shaft; when this angle is decreased, it is coxa vara (mild shortening of the hip); when angle is increased, it is coxa valga

Question 10

transcervical femur fracture

Answer 10

fracture in the middle of the neck

Question 11

intertrochanteric femur fracture

Answer 11

fracture between the greater and lesser trochanters

Question 12

intracapsular femur fracture

Answer 12

occur within the hip joint capsule

Question 13

spiral femur fracture

Answer 13

rotating force is applied along the axis of the bone resulting in a diagonal cute through the bone; results in foreshortening of the bone and it may be comminuted, meaning bone is broken into lots of pieces

Question 14

transverse stress fracture

Answer 14

occurs in lower third of the tibia, often when people engage in activities that they are not conditioned for

Question 15

fractures of lateral and medial malleoli

Answer 15

often associated with fracture-dislocation of the ankle joint, usually when the ankle is forced into an inversion position; fracture of the tibia and fibula

Question 16

transverse patellar fracture

Answer 16

patella split into 2 pieces; superior part is pulled upwards and lower fragment remains attached to patellar ligament

Question 17

patellar tendon reflex

Answer 17

tap patellar ligament with reflex hammer causes knee to swing forward

Question 18

calcaneal tendon reflex

Answer 18

ankle jerk reflex; calcaneal tendon is struck with reflex hammer

Question 19

plantar reflex

Answer 19

tested during neurologic exams; lateral sole of the foot is stroked with a hammer in a continuous motion across the foot towards the great toe

Question 20

acromioclavicular joint separation

Answer 20

disrupted acromioclavicular joint

Question 21

anterior dislocation of humeral head

Answer 21

humeral head usually lines up with the “Y” of the scapula, but is pushed forward with a gap in between

Question 22

isolated ulnar fracture

Answer 22

aka-nightstick fracture; single fracture across the mid portion of the ulna

Question 23

complete dislocation of proximal interphalangeal joint

Answer 23

dislocation occurs between the proximal and middle phalanges

Question 24

Boxer’s fracture

Answer 24

fracture at the neck of the fifth metatarsal; seen in patient that punched the wall

Question 25

Knee effusion

Answer 25

detect by looking at patella and seeing anterior displacement of dark fat line by soft tissue or water density