ORSA 2

Question 1

Rib Fractures

Answer 1

first rib rarely fractured; middle ribs most commonly fractured; usually fractured from blows or crushing injuries; lower rib fractures may tear diaphragm and cause diaphragmatic hernia

Question 2

Protective function and aging of costal cartilages

Answer 2

provide protection to thorax, preventing fractures of the ribs or sternum; more flexible in children (who rarely break ribs) and less flexible/more brittle when elderly leads to more broken ribs

Question 3

Ossified xiphoid process

Answer 3

xiphoid starts as cartilage and ossifies into harder bone over time; when people reach their 40’s may notice a hard lump in the pit of their stomach

Question 4

Separation of the ribs

Answer 4

dislocation of the costochondral joint between the rib and its costal cartilage

Question 5

Rib dislocation

Answer 5

dislocation of a costal cartilage from the sternum (sternocostal joint dislocation) or dislocation of the interchondral joints

Question 6

Manubriosternal dislocation

Answer 6

sternal fracture at the sternal angle

Question 7

Pectus excavatum

Answer 7

receding/funnel chest; breastbone is sunken into chest

Question 8

Pectus carinatum

Answer 8

projecting chest; pigeon chest- protrusion of sternum and ribs