Origins Of World War One Flashcards
Franco-Russian alliance
3p why
based on 1891–93 agreements; secret treaty; military convention in 1894
- The strengthening of the German Empire
- creation of the Triple Alliance of 1882
- the exacerbation of Franco-German and Russo-German contradictions at the end of the 1880s
> > led to a common foreign policy and mutual strategic military interests between France and Russia
Anglo-Japanese alliance
1902
Entente Cordiale
1904
First Moroccan crisis
1906
Algeciras Conference
16 January to 7 April, 1906
Britain launches first Dreadnoughts
10, Feb 1906
Anglo-Russian agreement
1907
Bosnian crisis
1908
Agadir crisis (second Moroccan crisis)
1911
First Balkan war
8 October 1912 – 30 May 1913
The First Balkan War had three main causes
1. The Ottoman Empire was unable to reform itself, govern satisfactorily, or deal with the rising ethnic nationalism of its diverse peoples.
- The Great Powers quarreled amongst themselves and failed to ensure that the Ottomans would carry out the needed reforms. This led the Balkan states to impose their own solution.
- Most importantly, the Balkan League had been formed, and its members were confident that it could defeat the Turks
Second Balkan war
29 June – 10 August 1913
broke out when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece, on 29 June 1913.
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
1914
Where was he assassinated?
Sarajevo
When did Ferdinand die?
28 June 1914
Who killed Ferdinand ?
Gavrillo Princip
The Black Hand gang
Who were the Black Hand?
A terrorist group from all over the Balkans, they hated A-H
How many police were there?
180
How long was the journey ?
6km
What did A-H want
To take revenge on Serbia
What did they send Serbia?
10 point ultimatum
Which point did they not accept ?
Point 6- Austrians would be involved in influencing the justice system
When did A-H declare war ?
28th July 1914
Who came to defend Serbia?
Russia
When did Russia declare war ?
30th of July
When did G declare war on R?
1st August
When was the Scheifflen plan created?
1905
When was the Treaty of London ?
19 April 1839
Who had the larger army ?
Germany
Where did the Kaiser ride in on a white horse?
Morocon, Tangier in 1905
Who followed the Kaiser into Tangier?
A military band and Moroccan troops
What did the Kaiser announce ?
That he supported an independent Morocco open to peaceful competition of all nations for trade
What gesture was Germany setting up the Algeciras conference?
Prevented france from occupying Morocco and tested the strength of the Entente Cordiale
Where was the conference held ?
Algeciras in Southern Spain
Who supported G?
Austria Hungary
Who supported France ?
GB and Russia
What was the outcome of the conference ?
France was forced to accept morocco a independence but was given joint control with Spain of the Moroccan police
Crisis in Morocco?
1905-06
Where was Morocco?
In North Africa, it was one of the few areas not ruled by a European power
Why was G dissapointed with the outcome of Algeciras?
France had managed to get a foothold in Morocco and their opposition had only strengthened the triple entente
What was GB and frances reaction to G’s clear over reaction?
They started having secret military talks with France
Where was the Balkans?
An area in the south eastern part of europe, it included many small countires that were in the process of becoming independent from the Turkish Empire
Who occupied most of the Balkans?
The Slavs
Where was the leading Slav state?
Serbia
What was Serbias aim?
To unite all other states under their leadership
Why did Russia back down?
As they were too weak to fight
What effect did the Bosnian crisis have on Italy?
Italy did not like their secret expansion and this weakened the triple alliance
What happened in russia after the Bosnian crisis?
There was mass military improvement as they had been very humiliated
What effect did the Bosnian crisis have on the triple entente ?
Brought them all closer together as they all had a reason to dislike G
How did the Agidir crisis begin?
There was a rebllion against the sultan and he appealed to France for military help
Where was the rebellion?
In the capital city, FEZ
What was Germany’s reaction?
They were determined not to face another defeat like in 1906
What was the gunboat G sent over called?
The Panther
Where was the Panther sent?
To Agidir
Why did GB supprt France?
Because they were angry about the naval race and feared they were planning on building an atlantic naval base, where they would challange GB in gibralter
What compensation did G get for stepping down from war?
Two marshy strips of land in the French Congo
How did G feel after the second Morrocan crisis?
Humiliated and this meant that if there were future problems they were less likely to back down
What was GB and Frances respons to the Agadir crisis?
Secret naval agreement- GB would protect the north of France and France promised to protect the Mediterranean
What was Italy’s response to Agidir?
It opposed G and therefore the Triple alliance was much weaker
When did GB launch Dreadnoughts?
1906 Feb 10
What was good about the Dreadnoughts?
Faster and had a longer range guns
What were navies based on ?
How many Dreadnoughts it had- a normal boat would only last 5 mins against one
How many Dreadnoughts did GB have in 1906
1
How many Dreadnoughts did G have in 1906?
0
How many Dreadnoughts did G have in 1912?
13
How many Dreadnoughts did GB have in 1912?
19
How many Dreadnoughts did G have in 1914
17
How many Dreadnoughts did GB have in 1914
29
What was the British slogan concerning Dreadnoughts in 1909
“We want eight and we wont wait” when they were only planning on making 4
Did the naval race cause war?
No but it meant that if war did come then countires were ready and more likely to join
What were all of the alliances?
Defensive
By when was Europe divided into two camps?
1907
Why were the alliances so threatening?
Because they were done in secret
Why did the Entente Cordiale worry?
They thought that G was going to expand into their territory?
Whyw as the Triple alliance scared?
They thought the entente was trying to surround them
How big was France’s army in 1900? 1914?
1900: 0.7 million
1914: 1 million
How big was Germany’s army in 1900? 1914?
1900: 0.5 million
1914: 0.8
How big was Russia army in 1900? 1914?
1900: 1.1 million
1914: 1.5 million
Who was A-H worried about?
Serbia
What were they worried about?
That thet would want to unite with other Slavs in the Balkans under Serbia
Why would this be bad for A-H?
Because the slavs in their country would want to and then other races would call for independence and this would lead to the breakup of the A-H empire
When was the revolution in Turkey?
1908
What did A-H do?
Annexed Bosnia
Who had Bosnia been under the control of?
Turkey
What did Serbia do?
Appeal to Russia for help, who helped back their demands for an international conference
Who did the International conference depend on?
The Kaiser
Why did the Kaiser back A-H in the Bosnian crisis- 1908
Because he was annoyed about the Anglo-Russian agreement of 1907 and he was aware that they ahd back them in Algeciras
Who were the two original members of the Triple alliance?
G and A-H
When did G and A-H first become allies?
1879
What kind of agreements were both of the alliances?
G&AH + Triple
Defensive-done in secret
Who organised the Triple alliance?
Bismarck
When did G defeat France in the Franco-Prussia war?
1870
What did G take from France?
Alsace and Lorraine
What was he aim of the Triple alliance?
To isolate France
When did the Kaiser order the building of a large navy?
1890
Why was the alliance good for A-H?
Because they were worried that their Serbs would want to unite with Serbia and Serbia had the support of Russia
What did the Kaiser want for his empire?
‘A place in the sun’ - like GB
How long would it take for russias army to mobalise and get to france
based on Schlieffen plan
2 months
How long would it take to defeat france?
based on Schlieffen plan
6 weeks
Triple alliance
1882
