Origins of War (LT-ST)

Question 1

LT - Alliance System

Answer 1

• Brought countries into war w/o their direct involvement
• Divided Europe, encouraged blank cheque and quick mobilization to protect their countries (centralized conflict)

Question 2

LT - Franco-Prussian War

Answer 2

• French resentement against the Germans because of Treaty of Frankfurt (economically bad for F, took Alsace-Lorrain, reparations & general humiliation)

Question 3

LT - Imperialism

Answer 3

• Competition between European powers to establish influences in other parts of world
• Caused by indistralization since they needed more raw materials, new markets and cheap labour
• Ideal: large gains w minimum resistance

Question 4

LT - Nationalism

Answer 4

• Deep loyalty and belief of it being better towards one’s country
• Most evident in AH and Balkan region
• Used to distract from domestic issues

Question 5

LT - Militarism

Answer 5

• Naval laws (Germany vs Britain), arms race (introduced conscription, increased military spending) and war plans
• Increased perceived threat of other countries and inspired overconfidence

Question 6

LT - Short War Ilusion

Answer 6

• all countries believed the war would be short bc of previous examples (RJ war) and overconfidence

Question 7

LT - Unstoppable Mobilization

Answer 7

• Once countries started mobilizing it was very hard to stop –> once the order was given, it was basically a declaration of war

Question 8

LT - Weltpolitik

Answer 8

• Name for Kaiser Wilhelm’s destruction of Bismark’s web of alliances in order to get more power, land and prestige. backfired so hard its not even funny

Question 9

ST - Morroccan Crisis

Answer 9

• G decided to test the relationship between Britain and France to break it
• Demanded equal rights and independence for Morroccans
• Organized but failed and international conference, M gor independence but F had influence
• Brought F and B closer

Question 10

ST - Bosnian Crisis

Answer 10

• AH annexed Bosnia and Herzegovnia before they actually got international approval
• Serbia got mad, russians humiliated, general hostile reactions
• strained relationships between AH and R, strengthened between AH and G

Question 11

ST - 2nd Morroccan Crisis

Answer 11

• France sent troops to Morocco based on the Sultan’s request but G saw it as a declaration of war and sent a gunboat
• demanded French Congo as compensation
• ended up getting a lot less, humiliating, increased suspicion from B, strengthened Entende cordiale

Question 12

ST - Balkan Wars

Answer 12

• 1st war - Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro defeat Turkey
• Was annexed by AH after pos talks w Russia, but then serbs protested w the russians protecting them since AH did not honour shipping route agreements
• Russia had to back down (which created fear), R increased ties w S, Serbia created Black Hand
• 2nd - war between previous allies, Serbia wins but looses Bosnia (mad), AH concerned about growing S power

Question 13

IC - July Crisis

Answer 13

• Archduke Franz Ferdinand killed by Gavrilo Princip, associated with the Serbian Black Hand Movement
• AH saw as a threat and opportunity to crush S, who was weak after Balkan wars but bigger. Sought assurance from Germany befor

Question 14

IC - Blank Cheque

Answer 14

• Gave the Austrians the confidence they needed to declare war on Serbia after asking for an insane ultimatum that they would never accept

Question 15

IC - Mobilization

Answer 15

28th July 1914 - AH declaraes part mobilization and war on Serbia
30th July - Russia orders full mobilization