Origins Of The Cold War Pt.2

Question 1

When was the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 1

March 1947

Question 2

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 2

The US would provide 400 million dollars and military personnel in aid to Greece and Turkey.

Question 3

What was the significance of the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 3

It showed the US officially moving away from a policy of isolationism to containment.

Question 4

When was the Marshall plan introduced?

Answer 4

1948

Question 5

What was the Marshall plan?

Answer 5

Provided 12.7 billion dollars of aid to western Europe. Eastern Europe did not benefit.

Question 6

What impact did the Truman Doctrine and Marshall plan have on US-USSR relations?

Answer 6

Increased tension between the two. Annoyed the USSR as the US were creating allegiances with countries that the USSR could have potentially taken over (spread communism to).
Stalin’s supicions of the West were reinforced
Any lingering belief that there was still a Grand alliance was gone

Question 7

What was the reason for the financial aid in the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan?

Answer 7

It enabled the US to create allegiances with european countries. This also meant that they were financially secure and therefore less likely that they would fall to communism.

Question 8

What alliance did the Truman Doctrine end?

Answer 8

The Grand Alliance

Question 9

What was ‘Dollar imperialism’?

Answer 9

Stalin believed that the Truman Doctrine and Marshall plan undermined the international role of the UN (United Nations) by suggesting it was America’s job to protect the world. Stalin argued that the Marshall Plan was a way of using economic might to divide Europe in two and establish an American economic empire in Europe.

Question 10

When was Cominform formed?

Answer 10

1947

Question 11

What was Cominform?

Answer 11

The creation of a Communist political organisation. This new body gave Stalin a way of directing and controlling the governments of the Satellite states.

Question 12

When was Comecon formed?

Answer 12

1949

Question 13

What was Comecon?

Answer 13

Comecon provided financial aid to countries in Eastern Europe and inhibited Satellite states from accepting Marshall aid.

Question 14

Why did Stalin create Cominform and Comecon?

Answer 14

In response to the threat he believed the Marshall Plan posed to the Soviet Union.

Question 15

Consequence of the Marshall plan

Answer 15

The Creation of Cominform and Comecon
Divided Eastern and Western Europe

Question 16

Effect of Cominform and Comecon on International relations

Answer 16

Increased tension and played a significant part in the USA and Western European countries creating a new military alliance, the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), in April 1949.

Question 17

Uniting the Western Zones (Germany)

Answer 17

USA, Britain and France united their three zones to form Trizonia in June 1948.

Question 18

When was Trizonia formed?

Answer 18

1948

Question 19

What was the currency in Trizonia?

Answer 19

The Deutschmark

Question 20

Why were the USSR furious about the creation of Trizonia?

Answer 20

• The new single currency in Trizonia created a separate economic unit from the East.
• It acknowledged that there were in effect two Germanys: West and East.
. Stalin believed that it was the West ‘ganging up’ on the soviet union as it was deliberately forcing the Soviet zone into poverty.

Question 21

What was the Berlin Blockade?

Answer 21

In June 1948, Stalin decided to shut off the land routes across Soviet-controlled Germany into Berlin. He intended to prevent food and supplies from being able to get into West Berlin.

Question 22

When was the Berlin Blockade?

Answer 22

June 1948

Question 23

Why did Stalin Blockade Berlin?

Answer 23

. He wanted to show that a divided Germany could not work
. If the blockade was successful, Stalin would win a huge propaganda success at the expense of the West.
. It might also mean that the Western powers would give up control of their zones in Berlin

Question 24

Why did the West not attempt to use the land routes to get supplies into West Berlin?

Answer 24

The West knew that an attempt to force supplies to Berlin along the closed land routes would be seen as a potential act of war and might lead to direct military confrontation. However, if they flew supplies into their zones in Berlin, the only way they could be stopped was if Stalin had the planes shot down which would have been an act of war.

Question 25

How did the Western Allies fight back to the Berlin Blockade?

Answer 25

The Berlin Airlift (Operation Vittles) where they sent food, coal and other supplies along the air corridors to West Berlin.

Question 26

What was the Western response to the Berlin Blockade known as?

Answer 26

The Berlin Airlift (Operation Vittles)

Question 27

How did the people in Berlin contribute to the Berlin Airlift?

Answer 27

The people of West Berlin and Western troops in the city joined forces to build a new runway at the old airport Berlin-Tempelhof, and a whole new airport at Berlin-Tegel, so that supplies could be landed in the Western zones. Ordinary citizens helped to unload the planes and hand out the essential supplies to all who needed them.

Question 28

How many tonnes of supplies were flown into the Berlin in the Berlin Airlift in its peak month (Jan 1949)?

Answer 28

170,000 tonnes

Question 29

When did the Soviets lift the blockade?

Answer 29

9th of May 1949

Question 30

Immediate reaction to the failure of the Berlin Blockade

Answer 30

Stalin’s attempt to win apropaganda victory over Britain, France and the USA had backfired. The West had responded in a peaceful way to what now looked like an unwise and aggressive act by Stalin.

Question 31

Consequences of the Berlin Blockade

Answer 31

The Formation of the FRG (West Germany) and the GDR (East Germany)
The creation of Nato and the Warsaw pact

Question 32

Who were the FRG?

Answer 32

The Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) was created in May 1949. In this new country there was a parliament and a chancellor. There was a new capital called Bonn.

Question 33

Who were the GDR?

Answer 33

Stalin the responded to creation of the FRG by creating the German Democratic Republic in 1949. West Germany refused to recognise it as a nation.

Question 34

Who recognised the GDR as a nation?

Answer 34

Only the communist countries in the Eastern Bloc acknowledged it as a real country.

Question 35

When was NATO formed?

Answer 35

April 1949

Question 36

The Formation of NATO

Answer 36

The USA, Britain, France and nine other Western countries joined together in the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.The members of NATO agreed that, if any member was attacked, all members of NATO would come to its assistance.

Question 37

Why was NATO created?

Answer 37

Due to the Soviets incredible military power the western allies decided to create a military alliance as a precaution for if they were attacked.

Question 38

When was the Warsaw Pact formed?

Answer 38

1955

Question 39

The Creation of the Warsaw Pact

Answer 39

The Soviet Union formed a communist military alliance. Its members were the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania and the German Democratic Republic. The leadership of the Warsaw Pact was the Soviet Union.

Question 40

What was the Warsaw Pact created in response to?

Answer 40

The FRG (West Germany) being allowed to join NATO in may 1955. Now there was a real danger of an armed and powerful West Germany on the borders of Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe.

Question 41

What were the members of the Warsaw Pact also known as?

Answer 41

The Eastern Bloc