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history paper one > Origins Of The Cold War > Flashcards

Origins Of The Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was at the yalta conference?

A

The big three: Stalin Roosevelt Churchill

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2
Q

Name three things that were agreed at the yalta conference

A

The splitting of Germany
Elections in Eastern Europe
Russia invited to the UN

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3
Q

When was the Potsdam conference?

A

July 1945

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4
Q

Who was at the Potsdam conference?

A

A different big three Stalin Truman Attlee

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5
Q

Why were there more disagreements at the Potsdam conference

A

Because Truman was more anti communist

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6
Q

What as talked about but not agree on at the Potsdam conference?

A 
Germany's reperations (Russia wanted germany to pay more as they had lost more)
Eastern Europe (Stalin wanted it)
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7
Q

At the Potsdam conference why were the west angry with the ussr (give two)

A

Stalin had started to arrest non communists

Stalin started to take over Eastern Europe

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8
Q

Why was Stalin angry with the the USA at the Potsdam conference?

A

They left him out on the dropping of the atomic bomb Stalin believed this was because the USA wanted Japan and that area.

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9
Q

What was the name for statins safety net of Eastern European countries around Russia?

A

Buffer zone

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10
Q

What did the west call the idea they came up with for the ussr’s power over Eastern Europe?

A

Sphere of influence

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11
Q

By what date has Stalin taken over all of Eastern Europe (other than Yugoslavia)

A

1949

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12
Q

Where was churchills iron curtain speech held

A

Fultons missisouri

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13
Q

When was churchills iron curtain speech

A

1946

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14
Q

What dos Stalin call churchills iron curtain speech?

A

A declaration of war

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15
Q

What did Stalin set up in light of churchills iron curtain speech?

A

Comintern which brought together all the communist countries

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16
Q

When was Comintern set up?

A

1947

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17
Q

When did Truman begin his policy of containment?

A

1947 this was part of the Truman doctrine

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18
Q

Who came up with the Marshall plan?

A

General Marshall

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19
Q

When was the yalta conference?

A

February 1945

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20
Q

What was the idea behind Marshall aid/ plan

A

To give money to European countries as communism looked less appealing to rich countries

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21
Q

How much did the USA give to Europe thanks to marshal aid?

A

$17 billion

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22
Q

When and where was the first battle of communism vs capitalism?

A

1947 in Greece.

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23
Q

Which side of the Greek civil war did the UK and USA back?

A

The royalists as they were capitalist

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24
Q

Who was at yalta

A

Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin

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25
Q

Where is yalta

A

Ukraine

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26
Q

When was yalta

A

February 1945

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27
Q

Name four agreements made at yalta

A

Ussr join un
Germany gets divided up
Nazi war criminals
Russian sphere of influence

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28
Q

What were the UK and USAs intentions for the yalta conference

A

Protecting democracy
Belong german recover not wanting treaty of Versailles to be repeated
Prevent Eastern Europe become communist

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29
Q

What was the ussr’s intentions for the yalta

A

Make germany pay

Buffer zone

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30
Q

Who was the big three in Potsdam

A

Truman Stalin and Attlee

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31
Q

Where is Potsdam

A

Near Berlin

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32
Q

When was Potsdam

A

July 1945 (2 months after ww2 ended)

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33
Q

4 reasons why the Potsdam conference was more tense

A

Stalin occupied most of Eastern Europe
Stalin was setting up communist governments
Truman was more anti communist
Atomic bomb had been tested

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34
Q

What were the two big disagreements at Potsdam

A

How germany should pay for the war ( Stalin wanted more reperations as 20 million Russians died)
Soviet policy in Eastern Europe

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35
Q

What happened on the 3rd August 1945

A

Japan offered a surrender but the USA declined as it was not unconditional

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36
Q

What happened on the 6th August

A

First bomb dropped, b29 bomber Enola gay on Hiroshima 117,000 people dead

37
Q

What happened on the 9th August

A

Bomb dropped on Nagasaki

38
Q

What were the reasons for the dropping of the nuclear bombs

A

To end war
Stop ussr getting land in the Pacific
Stalin suggested it was to intimidate Russia

39
Q

What was staking reaction to the nuclear bombs being dropped

A

Angry because he wasn’t told
“They are killing the Japanese and intimidating us”
Bolshoi speech he said usa are imperialists
Invested in nuclear weapons

40
Q

How did the USA change post Nagasaki

A

More confident
Hired anti communist advisors
Invested in weapons
More confrontational

41
Q

When was the iron curtain speech

A

5th March 1946

42
Q

Where was the iron curtain speech

A

Fultons Missouri

43
Q

What does the iron curtain mean

A

The metaphorical division of Europe

44
Q

What attitude was the iron curtain speech trying to promote

A

Standing up to the spread of communism

45
Q

How did Stalin view the iron curtain speech

A

An act of war

46
Q

Was Stalin discouraged in his take over of Eastern Europe by churchills iron curtain speech

A

No

47
Q

Give four ways the soviets took over Eastern Europe

A

Control over the army
Secret police
Non communist parties banned
Non communists murdered and beaten

48
Q

In 1949 how much of Eastern Europe was communist

A

All but Yugoslavia

49
Q

When was cominform created and what was its purpose

A

1947

To co ordinate the communist work

50
Q

In Czechoslovakia what was banned that helped the communist take control

A

A ban on private papers

51
Q

Who was killed on March 1948

A

Jan Masaryk

52
Q

What significance did the death of jan Masaryk (of Czechoslovakia) have

A

He was the last non communist leader and was appeared to be murdered by the soviets

53
Q

What did Stalin claim about the take over of Eastern Europe

A

It was defensive

54
Q

How did truman interpret the soviet take over of Eastern Europe

A

As intimidation

55
Q

What was the main reason for marshal aid

A

Poor countries would be more receptable to communism if they were poorer

56
Q

What was the policy against communism called once truman accepted that Eastern Europe was communist

A

Containment

57
Q

How much money was given in marshal aid

A

$17 billion

58
Q

Other than making Europe less poor what are three other reasons for marshal aid

A

Intimidate soviets with lots of money
To buy favour of the western countries
Create new markets for the USA to export to

59
Q

When was bi-Zonia created

A

January 1947

60
Q

When was west germany formed

A

1st June 1947

61
Q

When was the currency formed in west germany

A

23rd June 1947

62
Q

When did Russia blockade West Berlin

A

24th June (1 day after new currency was formed)

63
Q

How many flights and how many tonnes of food was flown over to west Germany

A

275,000 flights

1 1/2 million tonnes

64
Q

When was the berlin blockade stopped

A

May 1949

65
Q

Why did Stalin set up the berlin blockade

A

Wanted allies out of Berlin
Didn’t like the new currency meant less money to Russia
He was testing usa to see if they would retaliate with weapons

66
Q

What did the ussr do in response to the Berlin blockade

A

East Germany set up
1955 Warsaw Pact an alliance of communist states
Built up there weaponry

67
Q

How did the USA respond to Berlin blockade

A

Set up NATO

Built up there weapons

68
Q

When was NATO set up

A

1949

69
Q

What does NATO mean

A

North Atlantic treaty organisation

70
Q

What was the purpose of NATO

A

To protect against communist attack

71
Q

What did NATO mean for Europe

A

Permanent us military presence

72
Q

What two organisation were built by the soviets in response to the

A

Comecon (1949) and cominform (1947)

73
Q

What does MAD mean

A

Mutually assured destruction

74
Q

Who was the leader of the communist leader of North Korea

A

Kim il sung

75
Q

Who was the anti communist leader of South

A

Syngman Rhee

76
Q

When did North Korea invade South Korea

A

1950

77
Q

Where was the border between North and South Korea

A

38th parallel

78
Q

Who led the U.S. Forces in Korea

A

General MacArthur

79
Q

How many troops did China send to help North Korea

A

200,000

80
Q

What was trumans policy of containment changed to after the Korean War

A

Roll back communism actively trying to pushback the take over of communist rule

81
Q

Why did truman put in the policy of roll back communism after the Korean War

A

Domino theory suggested the more communist states the more communism would spread

82
Q

What 5 things did the Korean War lead to

A 
More mistrust 
SEATO (Asian NATO)
American success 
UN standing up to the south 
China no longer weak
83
Q

Name as many policies of Khrushchev as possible that shown he was trying to be more peaceful

A

Peaceful co-existence
Geneva summit
Desalinisation (speech in 1956 + knocking down statues
Released political prisoners

84
Q

Name as many aggresive policies of Khrushchev as possible

A

Warsaw Pact
Army crushed uprisings
Spent on weapons (R-7 rockets developed)
Space race

85
Q

When did rakosi fall from power in hungry

A

1956

86
Q

Who founded a new government in Hungary

A

Nagy

87
Q

What did Nagy want to do for Hungary

A

Remove Hungary from Warsaw Pact

88
Q

What did Nagys wish for hungarys removal from the Warsaw Pact lead to

A

Soviets sending in 1000s of troops in which 3000 Hungarians died and 8000 Russians in 3 weeks of fighting

89
Q

Why did the USA look bad due to the Hungarian uprising

A

They didn’t send troops to help the Hungarians

history paper one (4 decks)

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