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history paper one > Origins Of The Cold War > Flashcards

Origins Of The Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

Who was at the yalta conference?

A

The big three: Stalin Roosevelt Churchill

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2
Q

Name three things that were agreed at the yalta conference

A

The splitting of Germany
Elections in Eastern Europe
Russia invited to the UN

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3
Q

When was the Potsdam conference?

A

July 1945

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4
Q

Who was at the Potsdam conference?

A

A different big three Stalin Truman Attlee

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5
Q

Why were there more disagreements at the Potsdam conference

A

Because Truman was more anti communist

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6
Q

What as talked about but not agree on at the Potsdam conference?

A 
Germany's reperations (Russia wanted germany to pay more as they had lost more)
Eastern Europe (Stalin wanted it)
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7
Q

At the Potsdam conference why were the west angry with the ussr (give two)

A

Stalin had started to arrest non communists

Stalin started to take over Eastern Europe

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8
Q

Why was Stalin angry with the the USA at the Potsdam conference?

A

They left him out on the dropping of the atomic bomb Stalin believed this was because the USA wanted Japan and that area.

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9
Q

What was the name for statins safety net of Eastern European countries around Russia?

A

Buffer zone

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10
Q

What did the west call the idea they came up with for the ussr’s power over Eastern Europe?

A

Sphere of influence

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11
Q

By what date has Stalin taken over all of Eastern Europe (other than Yugoslavia)

A

1949

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12
Q

Where was churchills iron curtain speech held

A

Fultons missisouri

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13
Q

When was churchills iron curtain speech

A

1946

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14
Q

What dos Stalin call churchills iron curtain speech?

A

A declaration of war

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15
Q

What did Stalin set up in light of churchills iron curtain speech?

A

Comintern which brought together all the communist countries

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16
Q

When was Comintern set up?

A

1947

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17
Q

When did Truman begin his policy of containment?

A

1947 this was part of the Truman doctrine

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18
Q

Who came up with the Marshall plan?

A

General Marshall

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19
Q

When was the yalta conference?

A

February 1945

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20
Q

What was the idea behind Marshall aid/ plan

A

To give money to European countries as communism looked less appealing to rich countries

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21
Q

How much did the USA give to Europe thanks to marshal aid?

A

$17 billion

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22
Q

When and where was the first battle of communism vs capitalism?

A

1947 in Greece.

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23
Q

Which side of the Greek civil war did the UK and USA back?

A

The royalists as they were capitalist

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24
Q

Who was at yalta

A

Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin

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25
Where is yalta
Ukraine
26
When was yalta
February 1945
27
Name four agreements made at yalta
Ussr join un Germany gets divided up Nazi war criminals Russian sphere of influence
28
What were the UK and USAs intentions for the yalta conference
Protecting democracy Belong german recover not wanting treaty of Versailles to be repeated Prevent Eastern Europe become communist
29
What was the ussr's intentions for the yalta
Make germany pay | Buffer zone
30
Who was the big three in Potsdam
Truman Stalin and Attlee
31
Where is Potsdam
Near Berlin
32
When was Potsdam
July 1945 (2 months after ww2 ended)
33
4 reasons why the Potsdam conference was more tense
Stalin occupied most of Eastern Europe Stalin was setting up communist governments Truman was more anti communist Atomic bomb had been tested
34
What were the two big disagreements at Potsdam
How germany should pay for the war ( Stalin wanted more reperations as 20 million Russians died) Soviet policy in Eastern Europe
35
What happened on the 3rd August 1945
Japan offered a surrender but the USA declined as it was not unconditional
36
What happened on the 6th August
First bomb dropped, b29 bomber Enola gay on Hiroshima 117,000 people dead
37
What happened on the 9th August
Bomb dropped on Nagasaki
38
What were the reasons for the dropping of the nuclear bombs
To end war Stop ussr getting land in the Pacific Stalin suggested it was to intimidate Russia
39
What was staking reaction to the nuclear bombs being dropped
Angry because he wasn't told "They are killing the Japanese and intimidating us" Bolshoi speech he said usa are imperialists Invested in nuclear weapons
40
How did the USA change post Nagasaki
More confident Hired anti communist advisors Invested in weapons More confrontational
41
When was the iron curtain speech
5th March 1946
42
Where was the iron curtain speech
Fultons Missouri
43
What does the iron curtain mean
The metaphorical division of Europe
44
What attitude was the iron curtain speech trying to promote
Standing up to the spread of communism
45
How did Stalin view the iron curtain speech
An act of war
46
Was Stalin discouraged in his take over of Eastern Europe by churchills iron curtain speech
No
47
Give four ways the soviets took over Eastern Europe
Control over the army Secret police Non communist parties banned Non communists murdered and beaten
48
In 1949 how much of Eastern Europe was communist
All but Yugoslavia
49
When was cominform created and what was its purpose
1947 | To co ordinate the communist work
50
In Czechoslovakia what was banned that helped the communist take control
A ban on private papers
51
Who was killed on March 1948
Jan Masaryk
52
What significance did the death of jan Masaryk (of Czechoslovakia) have
He was the last non communist leader and was appeared to be murdered by the soviets
53
What did Stalin claim about the take over of Eastern Europe
It was defensive
54
How did truman interpret the soviet take over of Eastern Europe
As intimidation
55
What was the main reason for marshal aid
Poor countries would be more receptable to communism if they were poorer
56
What was the policy against communism called once truman accepted that Eastern Europe was communist
Containment
57
How much money was given in marshal aid
$17 billion
58
Other than making Europe less poor what are three other reasons for marshal aid
Intimidate soviets with lots of money To buy favour of the western countries Create new markets for the USA to export to
59
When was bi-Zonia created
January 1947
60
When was west germany formed
1st June 1947
61
When was the currency formed in west germany
23rd June 1947
62
When did Russia blockade West Berlin
24th June (1 day after new currency was formed)
63
How many flights and how many tonnes of food was flown over to west Germany
275,000 flights | 1 1/2 million tonnes
64
When was the berlin blockade stopped
May 1949
65
Why did Stalin set up the berlin blockade
Wanted allies out of Berlin Didn't like the new currency meant less money to Russia He was testing usa to see if they would retaliate with weapons
66
What did the ussr do in response to the Berlin blockade
East Germany set up 1955 Warsaw Pact an alliance of communist states Built up there weaponry
67
How did the USA respond to Berlin blockade
Set up NATO | Built up there weapons
68
When was NATO set up
1949
69
What does NATO mean
North Atlantic treaty organisation
70
What was the purpose of NATO
To protect against communist attack
71
What did NATO mean for Europe
Permanent us military presence
72
What two organisation were built by the soviets in response to the
Comecon (1949) and cominform (1947)
73
What does MAD mean
Mutually assured destruction
74
Who was the leader of the communist leader of North Korea
Kim il sung
75
Who was the anti communist leader of South
Syngman Rhee
76
When did North Korea invade South Korea
1950
77
Where was the border between North and South Korea
38th parallel
78
Who led the U.S. Forces in Korea
General MacArthur
79
How many troops did China send to help North Korea
200,000
80
What was trumans policy of containment changed to after the Korean War
Roll back communism actively trying to pushback the take over of communist rule
81
Why did truman put in the policy of roll back communism after the Korean War
Domino theory suggested the more communist states the more communism would spread
82
What 5 things did the Korean War lead to
``` More mistrust SEATO (Asian NATO) American success UN standing up to the south China no longer weak ```
83
Name as many policies of Khrushchev as possible that shown he was trying to be more peaceful
Peaceful co-existence Geneva summit Desalinisation (speech in 1956 + knocking down statues Released political prisoners
84
Name as many aggresive policies of Khrushchev as possible
Warsaw Pact Army crushed uprisings Spent on weapons (R-7 rockets developed) Space race
85
When did rakosi fall from power in hungry
1956
86
Who founded a new government in Hungary
Nagy
87
What did Nagy want to do for Hungary
Remove Hungary from Warsaw Pact
88
What did Nagys wish for hungarys removal from the Warsaw Pact lead to
Soviets sending in 1000s of troops in which 3000 Hungarians died and 8000 Russians in 3 weeks of fighting
89
Why did the USA look bad due to the Hungarian uprising
They didn't send troops to help the Hungarians

history paper one (4 decks)

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