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history paper one > Collapse Of Communism And Post Cold War World > Flashcards

Collapse Of Communism And Post Cold War World Flashcards

1
Q

What formed a communist government in Afghanistan

A

A revolution

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2
Q

Why was the ussr allies with Afghanistan

A

For oil routes

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3
Q

Who tried to fight back against the Russians

A

The mujaheddin

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4
Q

Who supported the mujahideen

A

USA

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5
Q

When did the afghan war end

A

1989

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6
Q

What was the afghan war seen as

A

Russia’s Vietnam

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7
Q

Who fell out with Russia over the afghan war

A

China

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8
Q

What does glasnost mean

A

Openness it was the policy of freedom of speech

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9
Q

What was peristrokia

A

Reconstruction the policy of changing the communist system

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10
Q

What did Gorbachevs policies do to the ussr

A

Made the ussr look as if they were losing grip of the ussr and it led to polish solidarity and Berlin Wall colapse

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11
Q

When did the Berlin Wall fall

A

9th November 1989

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12
Q

What happened as the Berlin Wall came down

A

Small section came down
People heard
Tore down more
It symbolises the collapses of communism

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13
Q

When did Ronald Reagan become president

A

1981

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14
Q

What did Reagan refer to the ussr as

A

Evil empire

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15
Q

What did Reagan stop

A

Detente

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16
Q

What did SDI stand for and what was it nick named

A

Stategic defence initiative

Star Wars

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17
Q

What did Reagan increase

A

Defence spending

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18
Q

When was polish solidarity formed

A

September 1980

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19
Q

When did polish solidarity reemerge after government suppression

A

1989

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20
Q

Why did polish solidarity occur

A

Supplies were low so they wanted freedom more than ever

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21
Q

Who helped the polish solidarity movement

A

The pope

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22
Q

What caused the USA to threaten the ussr during the polish solidarity movement.

A

The ussr were using force which was against human rights

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23
Q

When did the ussr invaded Afghanistan

A

1979

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24
Q

What was the Velvet Revolution

A

A largely peaceful protest that helped to free Czechoslovakia

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25
When did Ronald Reagan come to power
January 1981
26
Ronald Reagan disagreed with MAD what idea dodge replace it with
Peace through strength
27
What did Reagan call the USSR
An evil empire
28
How much did Reagan increase military spending by
125 million
29
Reagan made a policy nicknamed Star Wars what was its real name
Strategic defence initiative
30
What influence did Reagan have on the Cold War
Ended MAD Was a threat to world peace Made the USSR be unable to match the USA militarily Made the USSR fell vulnerable
31
What was perestroika
Restructuring- making the soviet government more capitalist like
32
What was glasnost
Openness- more political debate and freedom of specs and better relations with west
33
What did Gorbachev reduce
Military spending
34
What two things did Gorbachev do that effectively destroyed the Brezhnev doctrine
Removed military presence from Eastern Europe | Said he wouldn't interfere in political movements in Eastern Europe
35
What three things did Gorbachev change in the Cold War
Allowed more western influence eg a McDonald's opened People who wanted change were able to speak up He made friends with the west
36
How many soviet troops died in afhanistan
15,000
37
Why did the USSR lose the afghan war
They were unable to fight the mujahideen's Guillera war fare techniques
38
What threat was there at home due to the afghan war
30 million Muslims lived in USSR so the Russians had to pull out incase these Muslims supported the mujahideen and reveled against the USSR
39
In 1980 Poland how much did food prices rise by
100%
40
Who started the polish solidarity movement
Lech walsea
41
When did the polish solidarity movement first start
1980
42
When did the polish solidarity movement re-surface from the undergound
1988
43
What significant figure supported solidarity
The pope
44
When was lech walsea made president after winning how many seats
1990 | 99%
45
What were the aims of solidarity
Freedom is speech and press Freedom of political prisoners Independent trade unions
46
What happened with the 1000s of East Germans on holiday in Czechoslovakia and Hungary
They refused to return home
47
What was significant about the riots in East Germany
Although ordered the troops did not fire in the protestors
48
When did the communist government in East Germany fall
7th November 1989
49
When did the Berlin wall fall down
9th November 1989
50
Why were People allowed to get into West Berlin before the wall came down (from the 7th November)
Because the guards put no effort into preventing them crossing in fact the guards themselves also crossed
51
When was germany one again
October 1990
52
What was the main trigger for protests in Czechoslovakia
The leader wasn't accepting glasnost and perestroika
53
Who supported the campaign in Czechoslovakia
Alexander dubcek (Prague spring)
54
Who was the leader of the Czechoslovakian uprismg if 1989
Vaclar Havel
55
Who was fired upon in Czechoslovakia in 1989
Student protestors
56
What created changed in Hungary
Nagy was re buried in public 100,000 people attended
57
When did free elections take place in Hungary
December 1989
58
Who was the leader of Romania
Ceausescu
59
What effect caused the break up of the USSR
The domino effect countries saw other counties becoming free and wanted that fir themselves
60
Why did gorbachevs policies cause the collapse of the USSR
Glasnost meant more confidence Peristrokia meant that people saw western culture more and wan wanted it The allowance of governments to rule themselves meant that they were unable to fight back rebellions
61
Where and when did the collapse of the Soviet Union start
The Baltic States 1987
62
Give three reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union
Inspired by Eastern Europe Nationalism Poor quality of living
63
What did the hardline communists do and when (collapse of Soviet Union)
They kidnapped Gorbachev 19th August 1991
64
When did Gorbachev resign and what did this lead to
25th December 1991 leading to the end of the Soviet Union
65
What was the transatlantic treaty organisation
An agreement from 1990 between USA and Europe to combat terrorism Help Eastern European growth Promote democracy Expand world trade
66
What are the aims of the UN
Maintain peace and security Uphold international law Uphold human rights Help social progress
67
When did sad dam Hussein invade Kuwait
2nd August 1990
68
How many troops invaded Iraqi Kuwait
500,000
69
What four reasons are there for suddams invasion of Kuwait
He wanted to strengthen Iraq in the Arab world Iraq owed Kuwait $14 billion Iraq was $80 billion of debt He claimed that Kuwait was drilling diagonally this stealing his oil
70
Who led the military operation in the gulf war
Norman Schwarzkopf or stormin Norman as he came to be known
71
What was the military operation in the gulf war called
Operation desert storm
72
Give the dates of events of operation desert storm
Attacked the Iraqi army with naval we pains and air strikes 24th February 1991 ground troops enter Kuwait 28th February 1991 Iraqi army is defeated
73
What were the long term failures of the UN in the gulf war
Biological weapons still in suddams hands Suddam still in power Still attacking the Kurds
74
Why did ethnic cleansing start in yougolslavia
Due to the break up of Yugoslavia each country wanted only one ethnicity in it
75
What stopped most of the ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia
The Dayton peace accords
76
After the Dayton peace accords where did ethnic cleansing still occur
Kosovo
77
Who led the ethnic cleansing of the kosovans
Slobodan Milosevic
78
What was the name of the kosovan group tryng to become free
The Kosovo liberation army
79
Why did the UN fail short term in Kosovo
No immediate military action Ethnic cleansing still went on NATO illegally bombed the area
80
Why did the UN succeed in the long term in Kosovo
They spread humanitarian aid They demilitarised the area Successfully pressured war criminals

history paper one (4 decks)

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