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history paper one > Collapse Of Communism And Post Cold War World > Flashcards

Collapse Of Communism And Post Cold War World Flashcards

1
Q

What formed a communist government in Afghanistan

A

A revolution

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2
Q

Why was the ussr allies with Afghanistan

A

For oil routes

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3
Q

Who tried to fight back against the Russians

A

The mujaheddin

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4
Q

Who supported the mujahideen

A

USA

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5
Q

When did the afghan war end

A

1989

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6
Q

What was the afghan war seen as

A

Russia’s Vietnam

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7
Q

Who fell out with Russia over the afghan war

A

China

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8
Q

What does glasnost mean

A

Openness it was the policy of freedom of speech

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9
Q

What was peristrokia

A

Reconstruction the policy of changing the communist system

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10
Q

What did Gorbachevs policies do to the ussr

A

Made the ussr look as if they were losing grip of the ussr and it led to polish solidarity and Berlin Wall colapse

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11
Q

When did the Berlin Wall fall

A

9th November 1989

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12
Q

What happened as the Berlin Wall came down

A

Small section came down
People heard
Tore down more
It symbolises the collapses of communism

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13
Q

When did Ronald Reagan become president

A

1981

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14
Q

What did Reagan refer to the ussr as

A

Evil empire

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15
Q

What did Reagan stop

A

Detente

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16
Q

What did SDI stand for and what was it nick named

A

Stategic defence initiative

Star Wars

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17
Q

What did Reagan increase

A

Defence spending

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18
Q

When was polish solidarity formed

A

September 1980

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19
Q

When did polish solidarity reemerge after government suppression

A

1989

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20
Q

Why did polish solidarity occur

A

Supplies were low so they wanted freedom more than ever

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21
Q

Who helped the polish solidarity movement

A

The pope

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22
Q

What caused the USA to threaten the ussr during the polish solidarity movement.

A

The ussr were using force which was against human rights

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23
Q

When did the ussr invaded Afghanistan

A

1979

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24
Q

What was the Velvet Revolution

A

A largely peaceful protest that helped to free Czechoslovakia

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25
Q

When did Ronald Reagan come to power

A

January 1981

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26
Q

Ronald Reagan disagreed with MAD what idea dodge replace it with

A

Peace through strength

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27
Q

What did Reagan call the USSR

A

An evil empire

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28
Q

How much did Reagan increase military spending by

A

125 million

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29
Q

Reagan made a policy nicknamed Star Wars what was its real name

A

Strategic defence initiative

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30
Q

What influence did Reagan have on the Cold War

A

Ended MAD
Was a threat to world peace
Made the USSR be unable to match the USA militarily
Made the USSR fell vulnerable

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31
Q

What was perestroika

A

Restructuring- making the soviet government more capitalist like

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32
Q

What was glasnost

A

Openness- more political debate and freedom of specs and better relations with west

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33
Q

What did Gorbachev reduce

A

Military spending

34
Q

What two things did Gorbachev do that effectively destroyed the Brezhnev doctrine

A

Removed military presence from Eastern Europe

Said he wouldn’t interfere in political movements in Eastern Europe

35
Q

What three things did Gorbachev change in the Cold War

A

Allowed more western influence eg a McDonald’s opened
People who wanted change were able to speak up
He made friends with the west

36
Q

How many soviet troops died in afhanistan

A

15,000

37
Q

Why did the USSR lose the afghan war

A

They were unable to fight the mujahideen’s Guillera war fare techniques

38
Q

What threat was there at home due to the afghan war

A

30 million Muslims lived in USSR so the Russians had to pull out incase these Muslims supported the mujahideen and reveled against the USSR

39
Q

In 1980 Poland how much did food prices rise by

A

100%

40
Q

Who started the polish solidarity movement

A

Lech walsea

41
Q

When did the polish solidarity movement first start

A

1980

42
Q

When did the polish solidarity movement re-surface from the undergound

A

1988

43
Q

What significant figure supported solidarity

A

The pope

44
Q

When was lech walsea made president after winning how many seats

A

1990

99%

45
Q

What were the aims of solidarity

A

Freedom is speech and press
Freedom of political prisoners
Independent trade unions

46
Q

What happened with the 1000s of East Germans on holiday in Czechoslovakia and Hungary

A

They refused to return home

47
Q

What was significant about the riots in East Germany

A

Although ordered the troops did not fire in the protestors

48
Q

When did the communist government in East Germany fall

A

7th November 1989

49
Q

When did the Berlin wall fall down

A

9th November 1989

50
Q

Why were People allowed to get into West Berlin before the wall came down (from the 7th November)

A

Because the guards put no effort into preventing them crossing in fact the guards themselves also crossed

51
Q

When was germany one again

A

October 1990

52
Q

What was the main trigger for protests in Czechoslovakia

A

The leader wasn’t accepting glasnost and perestroika

53
Q

Who supported the campaign in Czechoslovakia

A

Alexander dubcek (Prague spring)

54
Q

Who was the leader of the Czechoslovakian uprismg if 1989

A

Vaclar Havel

55
Q

Who was fired upon in Czechoslovakia in 1989

A

Student protestors

56
Q

What created changed in Hungary

A

Nagy was re buried in public 100,000 people attended

57
Q

When did free elections take place in Hungary

A

December 1989

58
Q

Who was the leader of Romania

A

Ceausescu

59
Q

What effect caused the break up of the USSR

A

The domino effect countries saw other counties becoming free and wanted that fir themselves

60
Q

Why did gorbachevs policies cause the collapse of the USSR

A

Glasnost meant more confidence
Peristrokia meant that people saw western culture more and wan wanted it
The allowance of governments to rule themselves meant that they were unable to fight back rebellions

61
Q

Where and when did the collapse of the Soviet Union start

A

The Baltic States 1987

62
Q

Give three reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union

A

Inspired by Eastern Europe
Nationalism
Poor quality of living

63
Q

What did the hardline communists do and when (collapse of Soviet Union)

A

They kidnapped Gorbachev 19th August 1991

64
Q

When did Gorbachev resign and what did this lead to

A

25th December 1991 leading to the end of the Soviet Union

65
Q

What was the transatlantic treaty organisation

A

An agreement from 1990 between USA and Europe to combat terrorism
Help Eastern European growth
Promote democracy
Expand world trade

66
Q

What are the aims of the UN

A

Maintain peace and security
Uphold international law
Uphold human rights
Help social progress

67
Q

When did sad dam Hussein invade Kuwait

A

2nd August 1990

68
Q

How many troops invaded Iraqi Kuwait

A

500,000

69
Q

What four reasons are there for suddams invasion of Kuwait

A

He wanted to strengthen Iraq in the Arab world
Iraq owed Kuwait $14 billion
Iraq was $80 billion of debt
He claimed that Kuwait was drilling diagonally this stealing his oil

70
Q

Who led the military operation in the gulf war

A

Norman Schwarzkopf or stormin Norman as he came to be known

71
Q

What was the military operation in the gulf war called

A

Operation desert storm

72
Q

Give the dates of events of operation desert storm

A

Attacked the Iraqi army with naval we pains and air strikes
24th February 1991 ground troops enter Kuwait
28th February 1991 Iraqi army is defeated

73
Q

What were the long term failures of the UN in the gulf war

A

Biological weapons still in suddams hands
Suddam still in power
Still attacking the Kurds

74
Q

Why did ethnic cleansing start in yougolslavia

A

Due to the break up of Yugoslavia each country wanted only one ethnicity in it

75
Q

What stopped most of the ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia

A

The Dayton peace accords

76
Q

After the Dayton peace accords where did ethnic cleansing still occur

A

Kosovo

77
Q

Who led the ethnic cleansing of the kosovans

A

Slobodan Milosevic

78
Q

What was the name of the kosovan group tryng to become free

A

The Kosovo liberation army

79
Q

Why did the UN fail short term in Kosovo

A

No immediate military action
Ethnic cleansing still went on
NATO illegally bombed the area

80
Q

Why did the UN succeed in the long term in Kosovo

A

They spread humanitarian aid
They demilitarised the area
Successfully pressured war criminals

history paper one (4 decks)

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