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Cold War > Origins of the cold war 1941-58 > Flashcards

Origins of the cold war 1941-58 Flashcards

1.Early tensions 2.Development of the cold war 3.Cold war intensifies

1
Q

What is a cold war?

A

A war fought between two sides without direct fighting between them.

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2
Q

What is communism?

A

A system where the government controls all aspects of industry/the economy and distributes wealth equally with no private business. Ideaology of the USSR during the cold war.

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3
Q

What is capitalism?

A

A way of organising an economy so that the things the things used to make and transport products (eg. land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) are owned by individual people and companies rather than the government. Ideaology of the USA during the cold war.

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4
Q

What is a dictatorship?

A

A country with no political choice and one leader/party in control, common in communist countries during the cold war.

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5
Q

What is a democracy?

A

A country where the people have choice over who it is in their government, common in capitalist countries.

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6
Q

How was the cold war thought?

A

Spying, loans and aid, space race, arms race, propaganda.

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7
Q

What were the tensions before the Tehran conference?

A

• Churchill’s anti-communist attitude,
• Britain/USA not opening a second front against Germany in France,
• USSR violence towards Poland.

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8
Q

Who was the soviet leader at the beginning of the cold war?

A

Joseph Stalin

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9
Q

Who was the USA leader at the beginning of the cold war?

A

Franklin D Roosavelt.

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10
Q

Who was the British leader at the beginning of the cold war?

A

Winston Churchill

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11
Q

Where and when was the Tehran conference?

A

November 1943, Capital of Iran

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12
Q

Who was at the Tehran Conference?

A

Stalin, Roosavelt, Churchill.

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13
Q

What was agreed on at the Tehran Conference?

A

*Britain and the USA would open a second front in France by 1944.
*USSR would help defeat Japan once Germany defeated.
*To set up united nations after WW2
*To give part of Eastern Polsnd to USSR :(

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14
Q

What was disagreed on at the Tehran Confrence?

A

*Where/how to open a second front.
*Churchill wanted to invade via italy to stop Soviet control in the Balkans.

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15
Q

Where/when was the Yalta Conference?

A

February 1945, Yalta.

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16
Q

Who was at the Yalta confrence?

A

Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill.

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17
Q

What was agreed on at the Yalta Confrence?

A

*Soviet Union would enter war against Japan once Germany had surrendered.
*Divide Germany into 4 zones (USA, USSR, Britain, France)
*Divide Berlin into 4 zones
*Hunt down and try Nazi war criminals
*Allow countries liberated by German control to have free elections
*Join UN
*Eastern Europe under Soviet sphere of influence

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18
Q

What was disagreed at the Yalta Conference?

A

*Couldn’t agree on German reparations.
*Stalin wanted Poland/German border to be further to the west.

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19
Q

What changed between Yalta and Potsdam (Feb-July)

A

*Soviets remained in liberated countries and set up communist governments
*Red army largest in the world-other nations demilitarised
*Germany defeated
*Roosevelt died and replaced with Truman
*Churchill lost election and replaced with Atlee
*Stalin set up communist government in Poland :(

20
Q

Where/when was the Potsdam confrence?

A

July 1945, Potsdam Germany

21
Q

Who was at the Potsdam confrence?

A

Stalin, Atlee, Truman

22
Q

What was agreed on at the Potsdam conference?

A

*Germany successfully divided into 4 parts
*Germany demilitarised under ToV and forced to pay £6.6 billion in reparations
*Democracy in Germany re-established
*Nazi party banned
*Polish frontier moved westwards

23
Q

What was disagreed at the Potsdam Conference?

A

*Couldnt agree on division of Germany
*Differing views on free elections making Truman furious and began a “get tough” policy against the soviets.

24
Q

How well was the Grand Alliance working after Tehran?

A

It was working alright, no major problems.

25
Q

How well was the Grand Alliance working after Yalta?

A

It wasn’t working so well, ideology differences became harder to avoid.

26
Q

How well was the Grand Alliance working after Potsdam?

A

Not well at all, lots of disagreements.

27
Q

What was Containment/The Truman doctrine 1947?

A

The US providing political, military, and economic aid to democratic countries under the threat of communist influences in order to prevent the expansion of communism.

28
Q

What was Marshall plan 1947?

A

Truman wanted to provide economic aid to countries with economic problems with the idea that it would cause less people to turn to communism, and prevent Soviet expansion.

29
Q

What was a consequence of the Truman doctrine to the Grand alliance?

A

Caused tensions between US and soviet union

30
Q

What is comecon?

A

Economic aid for less privileged countries.

31
Q

What is cominform?

A

Communism spread of information

32
Q

Why were comecon and cominform put in place?

A

*More power and control
*Enable soviet union to co-ordinate communist parties throughout europe ..0
*Response to truman doctorine
*Control economies in Eastern europe and give the soviet union access to their resources
*In response to marshall plan

33
Q

What were the key features of the long telegram 1946?

A
  • between US and american embassy in moscow - analysis of soviet policy
  • russians determined to destroy US way of life
  • greatest threat US had ever faced
  • soviets must be stopped - best way = educating public against communism
  • USA could not co-exist peacefully with USSR
34
Q

What were the consequences of the long telegram 1946?

A
  • led to USA’s policy of containment
  • dramatically increased USA paranoia - tensions increased
35
Q

What were the key features of the Novikov telegram?

A
  • Russian version of long telegram
  • America desired to dominate the world
  • USA had no intrest in cooperation with USSR
  • American public being prepared for war, army, navy and air force increased in size and funding
36
Q

What were the consequences of the Novikov telegram?

A
  • increased soviet paranoia
  • increased USSR paranoia drastically - tensions increased
37
Q

What were the causes of the Berlin Crisis 1948

A
  • stalin feared US influence spreading into soviet zone and undermining his power, thought blockading west berlin would stop their influence
  • capitalist part of berlin made communism look bas - better standard of living, Stalin worried USA using Berlin to spy - new currency final straw
38
Q

What were the key features of the Berlin crisis 1948?

A
  • Truman placed bombers capable of carrying nuclear weapons in Britain
  • Truman supplied Berlin by air so Stalin ordered planes and blimps above to block them
  • 12th may 1949 - Stalin calls off blockade - huge failure
39
Q

What were the consequences off the Berlin crisi 1948

A
  • USA looked good - reacted to blockade peacefully, looked strong as they successfully got past blockade and retained influence in Berlin
  • USSR - looked bad and aggressive, embarrassing, used by USA as propaganda
  • Berlin/Germany officially divided into two colonies, Berlin remained divided
40
Q

What was the formation of Nato like?

A
  • Military alliance betweenUSA and western europe
  • if one country was attacked, all members came to their defence
  • aim to keep USA in, USSR out, stepped up economic alliances to military
41
Q

What were the consequences of the formation of NATO?

A
  • intensified arms race and increased threat of war
  • increased tensions and paranoia of USSR
  • marshall plan -> military alliance
42
Q

What were the key features of the formation of the warsaw pact?

A
  • reaction to the formation of NATO as Stalin saw it as an ‘aggressive alliance’
  • 8 members with USSR leading
43
Q

What were the consequences of the formation of the Warsaw pact?

A
  • Divided Europe militarily, intensified arms race
  • increased tensions, two clear military organisations in Europe suspicious of one another
44
Q

What were the key features of the Hungarian uprising?

A
  • Satellite state occupied by Soviet Union with a communist government
  • Brutal leadership from Rokosi and poor standard of living due to comecon
45
Q

What were Naggy’s reforms?

A
  • allowed opposition parties
  • encouraged economic change not in line with USSR
  • asked to leave Warsaw pact
46
Q

What was the soviet invasion and its consequences?

A
  • 20,000 hungarian troops/rebels killed and Naggy executed
  • USA did nothing - didn’t trust Kruschev
  • other satelite states scared to rebel against USSR

Cold War (3 decks)

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