Origins Of Scientific Explanation

Question 1

Edward Burnett Tylor

Answer 1

(1832-1917)

• introduced the term animism
• distinction between thinking of primitive people and scientific thinking people

Question 2

Lindberg

Answer 2

(1992)

• looked less on animistic thinking than Tylor
• scientific thinking cannot occur without written records
• Myths/stories reinforced values and attitudes of community and fulfilled the need for explanatory principles

Question 3

Socrates

Answer 3

(c. 470-399BCE)
- philosopher
- writing leads to forgetfulness, laziness, discouragement of proper studying

Question 4

Heraclitus

Answer 4

(535-475 BCE)

• everything is always changing
• things done twice are different because conditions aren´t equal

Question 5

Hippocrates

Answer 5

(460-370 BCE)

-impact on medical practice

Question 6

Plato

Answer 6

(427-348 BCE)

• never-changing ideal forms vs. ever-changing material reality
• founder of academy in Athens
• Rationalism
• views are appreciated by christian churches

Question 7

Aristotle

Answer 7

(384-322 BCE)

• biology, logic, metaphysics, psychology
• student of Plato
• less based on reason, room for observation
• empiricism
• Lyceum

Question 8

Martin Luther

Answer 8

(1516)

-rebellion against dominance of catholic church