Body/Mind Problem

Question 1

René Descartes

Answer 1

(1596-1650)

• dualism
• mechanistic worldview
• rationalist
• Reflex Action Theory
• derived ideas vs. innate ideas

Question 2

John Locke

Answer 2

(1632-1704)

• empiricism
• blank slate
• simple/complex ideas
• Theory of Association
• Primary/Secondary Qualities

Question 3

George Berkeley

Answer 3

(1685-1753)

• mentalism
• perception is only reality we can be sure of
• only god perceives all

Question 4

Immanuel Kant

Answer 4

(1724-1804)

• anti-introspection
• tried to reconcile rationalism and empiricism
  1. Perception is richer than stated by Berkeley&Hume
  2. such perception can only exist in a world of things that is not in contradiction with it
• humans perceive&think about their perceptions
• human perception cannot arise in environment completely at odds with sensations

Question 5

Christian Wolff

Answer 5

(1679-1754)

-distinction between rational psychology and empirical psychology

Question 6

Thomas Reid

Answer 6

(1710-1796)

• scottish common sense
• urged philosophy to return to Aristotelian view of perception
• perception as direct interaction between perceiver and real object

Question 7

David Hume

Answer 7

(1711-1776)

• idealist
• ´great skeptic´
• contents of mind as perceptions
  
  1. Impressions
  2. Ideas

Question 8

Auguste Comte

Answer 8

(1798-1857)

• positivism
• rejected introspection
• sociology
• materialism
• hierarchy of sciences

Question 9

David Hartley

Answer 9

(1705-1757)

• sensations must be repeated for associations
• all ideas and knowledge derived from experiences conveyed through senses

Question 10

James Mill

Answer 10

(1773-1836)

• determinism
• mind=machine, no free will
• no creative function of mind

Question 11

John Stuart Mill

Answer 11

(1806-1873)

• “mental chemistry”
• mind plays active role in association of ideas
• creative synthesis

Question 12

Isaac Newton

Answer 12

(1642-1727)

• three laws of physics
• principia mathematica (1687)