Origins Of Psychology

Question 1

What was the original idea that explained Psychology?

Answer 1

The 4 Humours

Question 2

Who was the first person to call themselves a Psychologist?

Answer 2

Wilhelm Wundt (1888)

Question 3

What did Wundt study?

Answer 3

He studied behaviour because it could be controlled under experimental conditions

Question 4

What did Wundt aim to do?

Answer 4

Study the structure of the human mind and establish basic elements of sensation and perception.

Question 5

What was his approach known as?

Answer 5

Structuralism

Question 6

What is Introspection?

Answer 6

The process by which the person gains knowledge about their own mental states

Question 7

What did Wundt think would happen if you trained in Introspection?

Answer 7

It would result in the ability to systematically observe mental processes such as memory and perception as they occurred.

Question 8

What makes us different to animals?

Answer 8

We have an Conscience

Question 9

When was Scientific Psychology born?

Answer 9

At the end of the 19th Century

Question 10

What caused the born of Scientific Psychology?

Answer 10

Empiricism

Question 11

What is Empiricism?

Answer 11

Having evidence before experiencing something

Question 12

What did Wundt and his followers put into practice?

Answer 12

That all knowledge comes from observation and experience.

Question 13

Scientific psychology is based on 2 assumptions. What are those 2 assumptions?

Answer 13

All behaviour is caused and all behaviour is predictable.

Question 14

The Empiricism technique is used to explore which assumptions?

Answer 14

Objective.
Systematic.
Replicable.

Question 15

Objective

Answer 15

Assumptions and biased do not influence data collection

Question 16

Systematic

Answer 16

Variables are identified, controlled and accurate measures are made

Question 17

Replicable

Answer 17

Researchers can repeat the test to gain the same result.

Question 18

What is Cognitive Theory?

Answer 18

It’s an approach that explains human behaviour and how the mind works

Question 19

What methods are used in Cognitive Theory?

Answer 19

Attention
Language
Memory
Perception

Question 20

What are the three research methods do psychologists use?

Answer 20

Laboratory
Field
Natural

Question 21

What is the Laboratory research method?

Answer 21

A research method which happens in a lab.

Question 22

What is the Field research method?

Answer 22

Where you study someone in an environment that they are comfortable in.

Question 23

What is the Natural research method?

Answer 23

Experiments which take place where the psychologist has no control of the variables of the experiment but gets the most natural results.

Question 24

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 24

Learning through association

Question 25

Who is Ivan Pavlov?

Answer 25

The Man who was doing an experiment about how much saliva dogs produced when they started to associate a bell with them being brought food.

Question 26

What was the results of Ivan Pavov's experiment?

Answer 26

Whenever he rang the bell, the dogs started to produce saliva

Question 27

What is Operant Conditoning?

Answer 27

Operant conditioning is where a human or animal learns through an active process

Question 28

Who is BF Skinner?

Answer 28

Skinner was a scientist who did the experiment called the Skinners Box

Question 29

What are the three types of consequences to behaviour?

Answer 29

Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Punishment

Question 30

What is positive reinforcement?

Answer 30

Being rewarded for a certain type of behaviour

Question 31

What is Negative reinforcement?

Answer 31

Behaviour to avoid something unpleasant

Question 32

What is Punishment?

Answer 32

An unpleasant consequence

Question 33

1 strengths of Operant Conditioning.

Answer 33

1. It explains a wide range of phenomena, such as learning languages and phobias.

Question 34

1 weaknesses of Operant Conditioning.

Answer 34

1. Does not work for everyone

Question 35

What is Social Learning Theory?

Answer 35

Social Learning Theory was a theory that Bandura came up with saying that people learn from each other.

Question 36

What is Social Learning Theory known as?

Answer 36

The bridge between behaviourist and cognitive learning theory's.

Question 37

What is a model?

Answer 37

Someone who does something and someone else copy's it.

Question 38

What are the different types of model?

Answer 38

Live model and Symbolic model

Question 39

What is a live model?

Answer 39

Parent | Teacher

Question 40

What is a Symbolic Model?

Answer 40

Media | Tv charecter

Question 41

What is Vicarious Reinforcement?

Answer 41

Individuals learn about the likely consequences of an action and then adjust their subsequent behaviour accordingly.

Question 42

Before Conditioning

Answer 42

UCS=UCR | unconditioned Stimulus = unconditioned response

Question 43

During conditioning

Answer 43

UCS+NS=UCR | unconditioned stimulus + neutral stimulus = unconditioned response

Question 44

After conditioning

Answer 44

CS=CR | Conditioned stimulus = conditioned response

Question 45

What ages were the children that were used in the Bono Doll Experiment?

Answer 45

3 to 5

Question 46

What were the aims of the Bono Doll Experiment?

Answer 46

To see if the children copied what the adults did after watching them (Social Influence)

Question 47

What happened in the Bono Doll Experiment?

Answer 47

Adults went into a room and beat up the Bobo doll while children watched. They were then put into the room and the children that had watched the adult beat up the doll then copied their actions

Question 48

What did the children that hadn't watched the adult beat up the Bobo doll do?

Answer 48

They played with the objects in the room and got bored

Question 49

Who are the three main people in learning approaches?

Answer 49

Ivan Pavlov: clinical conditioning Albert Bandura: The Bobo Doll Experiment BF Skinner: Operant Conditioning

Question 50

What did Ivan Pavlov to do?

Answer 50

The dog Saliva Clinical Conditioning Test

Question 51

What did BF Skinner do?

Answer 51

The Operant Approach through the Skinners box

Question 52

What did Albert Bandura do?

Answer 52

The Bobo Doll Experiment