Bio-psychology

Question 1

What are the divisions of the nervous system

Answer 1

Central and peripheral

Question 2

What does the nervous system control?

Answer 2

Behaviour

Question 3

The brain

Answer 3

Maintains life

Complex commands and decisions

Question 4

Maintains life

Answer 4

Vital functioning (primitive areas)

Question 5

Complex commands

Answer 5

Centre of awareness + consciousness - cerebral cortex

Question 6

The spinal cord

Answer 6

Relays info in between the body and brain

Pairs of spinal nerves connect the rest of the body

Question 7

What happens if the nerves in the spine become damaged

Answer 7

No further relay below that point

Question 8

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 8

Nerves outside the CNS

Transmits messages via neutrons to and from the brain

Question 9

The autonomic nervous system

Answer 9

Operates without consciousness

Governs vital functions

Question 10

Is the automatic nervous system voluntary

Answer 10

No

Question 11

What vital functions does the automatic nervous system control

Answer 11

Breathing
Heart rate
Digestion 
Sexual arousal
Stress response

Question 12

The somatic nervous system

Answer 12

Transmit and receive messages

Messages the muscles to react

Question 13

Where does the somatic nervous system receive messages from

Answer 13

Sensory receptors in cells of the same organs to CNS

Question 14

What stimulates muscles in the somatic nervous system

Answer 14

The neurotransmitter noradrenaline

Question 15

What systems does the autonomic nervous system

Answer 15

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 16

What does the sympathetic nervous system do

Answer 16

Increases bodily activity to deal with emergencies

Fight or flight

Question 17

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do

Answer 17

Decreases or maintains bodily activity
Relaxes the body after emergencies
Rest and digest

Question 18

Neuton structure

Answer 18

Dendrites are connected to the cell body and an axon

Question 19

What are many nerves surrounded by

Answer 19

A myelin sheath

Question 20

What does a myelin sheath do

Answer 20

Allows for transmission of impulses

Question 21

What happens if the myelin sheath gets damaged

Answer 21

Transmission slows down

Question 22

Where do dendrites receive signals from

Answer 22

Other neutrons or sensory receptors

Question 23

where is the impulse passed to

Answer 23

the cell body to the axon

Question 24

where does the impulse go after the axon

Answer 24

the terminal button of the pre-synaptic neuron

Question 25

what is synaptic transmission

Answer 25

the process for transmitting messages from neuron to neuron

Question 26

what do impulses stimulate

Answer 26

neurotransmitters

Question 27

what are neurotransmitters

Answer 27

chemical transmitters

Question 28

what are synapses

Answer 28

a fluid filled gap

Question 29

what kind of effect does neurotransmitters have on their

Answer 29

excitatory or inhibitory

Question 30

excitatory

Answer 30

have a positive charge | make it more likely the post synaptic neuron will fire

Question 31

inhibitory

Answer 31

have a negative charge | less likely to fire

Question 32

sensory neurons

Answer 32

carry nerve impulses from sensory receptors and sense organs to the brain and spinal cord

Question 33

relay neurons

Answer 33

located in the brain and spinal cord | lie in between sensory and motor neurons

Question 34

motor neurons

Answer 34

carry signals to the CNS which helps organ and gland function protect axons

Question 35

what are the sense organs

Answer 35

eyes, ears and skin

Question 36

what does the endocrine system work along side with

Answer 36

the nervous system

Question 37

what does the nervous system and the endocrine system control

Answer 37

vital functions

Question 38

what does the body have an network on

Answer 38

glands

Question 39

what do the glands produce

Answer 39

chemical messengers called hormones

Question 40

what does the system use to deliver hormones to the target sites

Answer 40

the blood vessels

Question 41

what is the master gland

Answer 41

the pituitary gland

Question 42

what does the pituitary glands produce

Answer 42

stimulating hormones which signal the target glands and its cells to release hormones

Question 43

what is the feedback system for

Answer 43

telling glands to stop producing hormones

Question 44

why is a feedback system important

Answer 44

so the blood can stabilise

Question 45

Adrenal Glands - outer layer

Answer 45

produces hormones that are needed for life/functioning

Question 46

Adrenal Glands - inner layer

Answer 46

needed for fight or flight

Question 47

Adrenal Glands - outer layer - example

Answer 47

cortisol for cardio vascular and anti-inflammatory functions

Question 48

Adrenal Glands - inner layer - example

Answer 48

adrenaline increases heart rate and blood flow

Question 49

reproductive organs - male

Answer 49

testes produce testosterone in men

Question 50

reproductive organs - female

Answer 50

ovaries release oestrogen and progesterone in women

Question 51

what does the amygdala detect

Answer 51

a threat

Question 52

what does the amygdala associate together

Answer 52

what we are experiencing (seeing/hearing) with our emotions (fear/anger)

Question 53

what does the amygdala do

Answer 53

send a distress signal to the hypothalamus

Question 54

what does the hypothalamus do

Answer 54

communicates with the rest of the body

Question 55

what does the hypothalamus communicate with the rest of the body using

Answer 55

the sympathetic nervous system

Question 56

how many mechanisms does the sympathetic nervous system have for dealing with stress

Answer 56

2 | acute stressors and chronic stressors

Question 57

what will happen if its acute stress

Answer 57

sympathetic nervous system will signal the adrenal medulla

Question 58

what does the adrenal medulla release

Answer 58

adrenaline

Question 59

what happens when adrenaline is released

Answer 59

physical changes

Question 60

heart rate and blood pressure increase

Answer 60

speed up blood flow to muscles and vital organs

Question 61

breathing becomes more rapid

Answer 61

increase oxygen intake

Question 62

muscle tension

Answer 62

to improve reaction time and speed

Question 63

pupil dilation

Answer 63

to improve vision

Question 64

production of sweat

Answer 64

to control body temperature

Question 65

release of blood sugar and fats into the blood stream

Answer 65

supply energy

Question 66

reduced functioning of the digestive and immune systems

Answer 66

to save energy for prioritised functions

Question 67

what happens if the stressor passes

Answer 67

the parasympathetic nervous system restores physical changes

Question 68

what happens if the stressor doesn't pass

Answer 68

stimulates chronic response which compensates for the adrenaline and keeps the sympathetic nervous system working

Question 69

Chronic response - Hypothalamus

Answer 69

hypothalamus releases corticotrophin releasing hormone

Question 70

Chronic response - Pituitary Gland

Answer 70

pituitary glands releases ACTH

Question 71

Chronic response - Adrenal Cortex

Answer 71

Adrenal Cortex produces cortisol