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Psychology Paper 2 > Bio-psychology > Flashcards

Bio-psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the divisions of the nervous system

A

Central and peripheral

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2
Q

What does the nervous system control?

A

Behaviour

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3
Q

The brain

A

Maintains life

Complex commands and decisions

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4
Q

Maintains life

A

Vital functioning (primitive areas)

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5
Q

Complex commands

A

Centre of awareness + consciousness - cerebral cortex

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6
Q

The spinal cord

A

Relays info in between the body and brain

Pairs of spinal nerves connect the rest of the body

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7
Q

What happens if the nerves in the spine become damaged

A

No further relay below that point

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8
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Nerves outside the CNS

Transmits messages via neutrons to and from the brain

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9
Q

The autonomic nervous system

A

Operates without consciousness

Governs vital functions

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10
Q

Is the automatic nervous system voluntary

A

No

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11
Q

What vital functions does the automatic nervous system control

A 
Breathing
Heart rate
Digestion 
Sexual arousal
Stress response
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12
Q

The somatic nervous system

A

Transmit and receive messages

Messages the muscles to react

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13
Q

Where does the somatic nervous system receive messages from

A

Sensory receptors in cells of the same organs to CNS

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14
Q

What stimulates muscles in the somatic nervous system

A

The neurotransmitter noradrenaline

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15
Q

What systems does the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

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16
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do

A

Increases bodily activity to deal with emergencies

Fight or flight

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17
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do

A

Decreases or maintains bodily activity
Relaxes the body after emergencies
Rest and digest

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18
Q

Neuton structure

A

Dendrites are connected to the cell body and an axon

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19
Q

What are many nerves surrounded by

A

A myelin sheath

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20
Q

What does a myelin sheath do

A

Allows for transmission of impulses

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21
Q

What happens if the myelin sheath gets damaged

A

Transmission slows down

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22
Q

Where do dendrites receive signals from

A

Other neutrons or sensory receptors

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23
Q

where is the impulse passed to

A

the cell body to the axon

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24
Q

where does the impulse go after the axon

A

the terminal button of the pre-synaptic neuron

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25
Q

what is synaptic transmission

A

the process for transmitting messages from neuron to neuron

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26
Q

what do impulses stimulate

A

neurotransmitters

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27
Q

what are neurotransmitters

A

chemical transmitters

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28
Q

what are synapses

A

a fluid filled gap

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29
Q

what kind of effect does neurotransmitters have on their

A

excitatory or inhibitory

30
Q

excitatory

A

have a positive charge

make it more likely the post synaptic neuron will fire

31
Q

inhibitory

A

have a negative charge

less likely to fire

32
Q

sensory neurons

A

carry nerve impulses from sensory receptors and sense organs to the brain and spinal cord

33
Q

relay neurons

A

located in the brain and spinal cord

lie in between sensory and motor neurons

34
Q

motor neurons

A

carry signals to the CNS which helps organ and gland function
protect axons

35
Q

what are the sense organs

A

eyes, ears and skin

36
Q

what does the endocrine system work along side with

A

the nervous system

37
Q

what does the nervous system and the endocrine system control

A

vital functions

38
Q

what does the body have an network on

A

glands

39
Q

what do the glands produce

A

chemical messengers called hormones

40
Q

what does the system use to deliver hormones to the target sites

A

the blood vessels

41
Q

what is the master gland

A

the pituitary gland

42
Q

what does the pituitary glands produce

A

stimulating hormones which signal the target glands and its cells to release hormones

43
Q

what is the feedback system for

A

telling glands to stop producing hormones

44
Q

why is a feedback system important

A

so the blood can stabilise

45
Q

Adrenal Glands - outer layer

A

produces hormones that are needed for life/functioning

46
Q

Adrenal Glands - inner layer

A

needed for fight or flight

47
Q

Adrenal Glands - outer layer - example

A

cortisol for cardio vascular and anti-inflammatory functions

48
Q

Adrenal Glands - inner layer - example

A

adrenaline increases heart rate and blood flow

49
Q

reproductive organs - male

A

testes produce testosterone in men

50
Q

reproductive organs - female

A

ovaries release oestrogen and progesterone in women

51
Q

what does the amygdala detect

A

a threat

52
Q

what does the amygdala associate together

A

what we are experiencing (seeing/hearing) with our emotions (fear/anger)

53
Q

what does the amygdala do

A

send a distress signal to the hypothalamus

54
Q

what does the hypothalamus do

A

communicates with the rest of the body

55
Q

what does the hypothalamus communicate with the rest of the body using

A

the sympathetic nervous system

56
Q

how many mechanisms does the sympathetic nervous system have for dealing with stress

A

2

acute stressors and chronic stressors

57
Q

what will happen if its acute stress

A

sympathetic nervous system will signal the adrenal medulla

58
Q

what does the adrenal medulla release

A

adrenaline

59
Q

what happens when adrenaline is released

A

physical changes

60
Q

heart rate and blood pressure increase

A

speed up blood flow to muscles and vital organs

61
Q

breathing becomes more rapid

A

increase oxygen intake

62
Q

muscle tension

A

to improve reaction time and speed

63
Q

pupil dilation

A

to improve vision

64
Q

production of sweat

A

to control body temperature

65
Q

release of blood sugar and fats into the blood stream

A

supply energy

66
Q

reduced functioning of the digestive and immune systems

A

to save energy for prioritised functions

67
Q

what happens if the stressor passes

A

the parasympathetic nervous system restores physical changes

68
Q

what happens if the stressor doesn’t pass

A

stimulates chronic response which compensates for the adrenaline and keeps the sympathetic nervous system working

69
Q

Chronic response - Hypothalamus

A

hypothalamus releases corticotrophin releasing hormone

70
Q

Chronic response - Pituitary Gland

A

pituitary glands releases ACTH

71
Q

Chronic response - Adrenal Cortex

A

Adrenal Cortex produces cortisol

Psychology Paper 2 (5 decks)

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