origins of psychology Flashcards
who was the first psychologist and when
Wilhelm Wundt in 1879
what did Wundt do?
wundt set up the first ever psychology lab in germany in the 1870s
what did Wundt want to analyse and what was his method known as
he wanted to analyse the nature of human consciousness and represent the first systematic attempted to study the mind under controlled conditions
his method was known as introspection
what is introspection
looking into ones thoughts
what did Wundt claim
and how
mental processes such as memory and perception could be observed systematically and used to gain insight into processes such as perception, reaction and time.
for example participates may be presented with a metronome and report their thoughts images and feelings
what was wrong with Wundt’s experiment
its subjective and people could hold back some of their thoughts
what was after Wundt’s work and who was it by
the psychodynamic approach by sigma fraud
what is the psychodynamic approach
it states that unconscious forces in our mind determined our thoughts and feelings and behaviour and our adult behaviour is influenced by our childhood
what is the conscious, preconscious and unconscious part of our mind and where on the “triangle” is it
Conscious = small amount of mental thinking we know about. Responsible for dealing with everyday interactions
preconscious = the thing we could be aware of if we tried e.g. memory’s or past events
unconscious = the things we are unaware of and cannot be aware of. stores all experiences, especially traumatic ones ( where freud says our issues and conflicts arise which results in abnormal behaviour)
Whats the 3 types of personality
id , ego and superego
what do the 3 types of personality do/want and what are they
id = is impulsive and unconscious and can be referred to as the pleasure principle its aim is to gain pleasure and gratification. Governed by food, drink and sex. ( from birth )
ego = the conscious, rational part of the mind it works out realistic ways of balancing out the needs of the id and superego in socially expectable ways known as the reality principle ( from age 2/3 )
super ego = The embodiment of right and wrong. seeks to be perfect and civilise our behaviour.it is the moral part “ we need to behave in the way our parents would approve of “ if not it send anxiety and guilt. (from ages 4/5)
what are the 3 defense mechanisms we need to know
what is the extra one ?
denial, displacement and repression
projection
what are the psychosexual stages of development and when do they happen?
Oral ( birth - 18 months )
Anal ( 18 - 36 months )
phallic ( 3-6 years )
What are the definitions of the 3 defense mechanisms and what are everyday examples?
( Include extra 4th one )
Denial = The conscious refusal to accept reality e.g. getting fired from a job but continue to turn up
Displacement = Taking your anger/ unacceptable desires and divert it from the source to someone else. e.g. someone punching a wall when angry
Repression = The burying of a traumatic event or problem into the unconscious so you no longer think about them. e.g. getting in a car accident and trying to forget it ever happened
Projection = Disguising your own threatening impulses/failures on someone else. e.g. blaming a bad grade on a teacher
what is the oral stage of psychosexual stages of development?
source?
it says the mouth is the source of nourishment and pleasure
Freud suggested that an individual could become fixated if they were either over or under indulged
