Origins of cold war

Question 1

What was the grand alliance?
Why was it formed?
When was it formed?
Was there a change in how the countries saw each other?

Answer 1

• The grand alliance was formed between the USA, the Soviet Union and Britain.
• It was formed to mastermind the defeat of Germany and Japan in WW2
• The alliance was formed when 4 million German troops invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. Despite an non-aggressive pact between the two.
• There was no change in how the 3 countries in the grand alliance viewed each other.

Question 2

How did the countries in the grand alliance view each other?

Answer 2

USA and Britain, remained suspicious of communism, and Stalin realised that the west would not want to let the Soviets become stronger.

Question 3

The outcomes of Tehran conference?

What was the date?

Answer 3

November 1943.
The Tehran conference had an important impact on international relations. Stalin felt USA and Britain were deliberately delaying a ‘second front’ against Germany so the Soviets became weaker. He became pleased when the ‘second front was put up in the West. But Churchill was not as he wanted it in the Balkans. But Roosevelt sided with Stalin.

Question 4

Who was there tension between after the Tehran conferences? Why?

Answer 4

There was some tension between USA and Britain- especially as Roosevelt seemed to view British Colonialism- as more of a threat to world peace than the Soviets

Question 5

What agreements were made at Tehran?

Answer 5

USA and Britain would open a second front by launching an attack on Germany.

• Stalin would declare war on Japan
• They discussed what to do with Germany after the war.
• There was a general agreement that an international body should be set up to settle things between countries

Question 6

Outcome of Yalta?

When?

Answer 6

February 1945

Roosevelt and Stalin were pleased to get agreement on free elections and United Nations.

Question 7

Agreements made at Yalta

Answer 7

After the war, Germany would be split into 4 zones between France,USA,Britain and soviet union.
-A united nations would be set up.

Question 8

Change in personnel before Potsdam conference?

Answer 8

Roosevelt died in April 1945 and was replaced by Harry Truman. Winton Churchill was replaced by Clement Attlee.

Question 9

Outcome of Potsdam

Answer 9

The 3 countries relations worsened as the new leaders disagreed with Stalin unlike the last 2 leaders.

Question 10

Impact on US-Soviet relations after development of atomic bomb?

Answer 10

The development of this bomb drastically increased Cold War tensions as both countries continued to develop bombs to be in front of each other.

Question 11

Impact on US-Soviet relations after Longs Telegram

Answer 11

After the American government heard that Stalin wanted to see the destruction of capitalism. The American government believed there should be a determined policy of containment to stop communism spreading.

Question 12

Impact on US-Soviet relations after Novikov Telegram

Answer 12

Novikov’s telegram said US wanted to dominate the world wit military power. Stalin believed he needed to strengthen protection in Eastern Europe.

Question 13

Impact on US-Soviet relations after creation of Soviet satellites.

Answer 13

Truman saw this as evidence of Stalin trying to spread communism worldwide and relations between the two worsened.

Question 14

The development of cold war.

Answer 14

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Question 15

What was the Truman Doctrine?

When?

Answer 15

12 March 1947
Truman announced an economic aid package to Greece and Turkey. Truman announced he was going to provide $400million to them and sent American civilians and military personnel to the region

Question 16

Impact of Truman Doctrine on US-Soviet relations?

Answer 16

Truman used this opportunity to make a clear statement of what he saw as the difference between democracy and communism. The Truman Doctrine signalled the beginnings of new approach to international relations for USA. USA were setting up as leaders for fight against communism.

Question 17

What was the Marshall plan?

Answer 17

It was a practical outcome of the Truman Doctrine:providing economic aid to help war-torn countries in order to stop communism taking over Western Europe.

Question 18

The significance of Cominform

Answer 18

1947/Cominform(the communist information Bureau) was a political organisation set up on Stalins orders. Cominform was a way for Stalin to stay in control of the satellite states. Cominforms first meeting rejected the Marshall plan and began to accuse America of being the same as Nazi’s

Question 19

What was Comecon?

Answer 19

Comecon (the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) it provided aid in line with communist principles. It was established on 25 January 1949.

Question 20

Why was Comecon formed?

Answer 20

Stalin wanted to keep communist states to keep their independence from capitalist countries. He also knew he needed to keep the satellite states happy.

Question 21

What was the significance of Comecon?

Answer 21

Stalin’s actions increased tension and played a significant part in the USA and western countries. This ended in the creation of a new military alliance, NATO

Question 22

What is NATO

Answer 22

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. Made in April 1949.

Question 23

Formation of NATO

Answer 23

In April 1949, the USA, Britain, France and 9 other western countries joined together in the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The members agreed if any member was attacked, all members would come to their assistance.

Question 24

The division of Germany

Answer 24

At Postdam, The Grand Alliance agreed to divide Germany, and Berlin(capital). They divided it into 4 zone. The division was meant to be temporary but lasted for many years.

Question 25

What was ACC’s role in Germany’s division?

Answer 25

They were the central organisation for the four zones.

Question 26

Berlin crisis

Answer 26

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Question 27

What is the Berlin Blockade?

Answer 27

In June 1948,Stalin decided to shut off land routes across Soviet-controlled Germany into Berlin.

Question 28

Why did Stalin do the Berlin Blockade?

Answer 28

Stalin knew that the Western-occupied zones of Berlin were vulnerable, as they were entirely surrounded by Soviet-occupied territory. He wanted to show splitting Germany would not work and if successful it would help him proceed to getting more control over West

Question 29

What was the Berlin Airlift?

Answer 29

The Western allies flew food, coal and other necessities into the allied zones of Berlin

Question 30

Why didn’t Stalin shoot down the planes?

Answer 30

Stalin couldn’t as he would have been seen as the aggressor and would had possibly started another War.

Question 31

Was the Berlin Airlift successful?

Answer 31

Yes. On 9th May 1949 (nearly a year later), the Soviets gave in and lifted the blockade.

Question 32

The Federal Republic of Germany

Answer 32

West Germany. 3 days after the end of the blockade France,England and USA joined their 3 zones together to create the state of The Federal Republic of Germany.

Question 33

What was ACC?

Answer 33

The allied control commission