Origins of Cold War Flashcards
Yalta Conference
February 1945
Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin
Soviets enter Japan
German controlled countries hold free elections
War criminals to be punished
Germany divided
United Nations
‘Soviet Sphere of Influence’
Disagreed on Soviet territory in Poland
Potsdam
July 1945
Truman, Atlee, Stalin
4 zones of Germany
4 sectors of Berlin
Nazi party dissolved
War criminals tried and punished
Free elections in Germany
Germany to pay reparations
Allies agreed to be in United Nations
Disagreed on
Soviet intentions
Free elections in E. Europe
Secrecy of A Bomb
German treatment
Soviet expansion into Hungary
1947
In 1945, Allies allowed Russian troops to stay in Hungary
Elections - Communists won majority, Rakosi brought in
Started banning political opposition
By 1947 Rakosi had complete control
Long Telegram / Novikov Telegram
1946
Long telegram suggests to US that USSR is hostile
Novikov telegram suggest to USSR that US is hostile
Truman Doctrine
March 1947
USA to offer money, aid and advice to E. European countries threatened by communism
$400,000,000 to be given to Greek government
Part of containment
Example of Truman getting thought with communism
Greek civil war
1945 - Churchill sent troops to Greek government to stop communist rebels
1946 - USSR tries to take control of Greece by force
1947 - British can’t afford war and pulls out, US steps in
1950 - Royalists maintain control
Soviet expansion into czechoslovakia
March 1948
Anti-Soviet leaders purged
Foreign minister found dead under window
Made congress accept Marshall Plan
Marshall Plan
June 1947
Announced
February 1948
Congress accepts it
$17 billion over 4 years
Attempt to rebuild Europe
Meant US would be able to influence countries of east and undermine communism
“Dollar Imperialism”
Seventeen countries received $14 billion
Italy received $600 million
Causes of Berlin Blockade (CABAN)
Cold War
Aims - Stalin wanted to destroy Germany, Allies wanted to rebuild
Bizonia - allied zones of Germany joining together
American aid - Marshall Aid (March 1948)
New currency - trigger cause of blockade, US and France want West Germany + new currency
What happened during the Berlin Blockade?
June 1948
Soviet Union claimed it was defending the East German economy against new economy
Western powers said Stalin was forcing them out of Berlin
Supplies were flown in - wasn’t act of aggression but showed containment
Lasted 11 months - Stalin reopened borders in May 1949
1 plane every 90 seconds
275,000 planes carried 1.5 Million tonnes
Results of Berlin Blockade (CENA)
Cold War - increased tension
East / West Germany - May 1949, West Germany is created, October 1949, East Germany is created
NATO and the Warsaw Pact - 1949, NATO is created, 1955, Warsaw Pact created
Arms Race
Western mistrust of USSR
Fear of communist views spreading in Asia and Europe
Didn’t trust Stalin for signing nazi-Soviet pact
Needed capitalist countries to trade
Stalin’s dictatorship killed 100,000+
Soviet mistrust of West
Saw capitalism as selfish and leaders were benefitting at expense of the poor
Didn’t trust west after helping fight communist revolution
West didn’t help Stalin against Hitler
