Origins Of Cold War Flashcards
What were the three conferences held with the Grand Allience and what were their dates?
- Tehran, November 1943
- Yalta, February 1945
- Potsdam, July - August 1945
What were the agreements of Tehran and What did this do for Super Power Relations?
Plan a winning stratergy to the end the Second World War, by the US and Britain launching a ‘second front’ on Western Germany. And Russia would declare war on Japan.
This helped relations with USSR as Starlin believed that the US and UK had not led a second front as to weaken USSR so they could over after the war.
But also increased tensions with the US and Britain as the US had taken the side to launch the front on west Germany whereas Churchhill wanted it in the Balkans. This because Roosevelt seemed to view British Colonialism as more lf threat then communism. Churchill thought that the Big Three may turn into the Big Two (US and USSR).
What were the agreements of Yalta?
The sencond front had now been launched and the Soviests had defeated the Germans in the USSR.
- After the war germany would be split into 4 zones, each country contolling one: USA, Britain, France and The Soviet Union. Germany would also have to pay 20 billion in reparations.
- A United Nations would be set up aswell, but Starlins suggestion that all 16 Soviet republic could individualy join was rejected.
- Starlin also agreed that future governements of countries in the Easten Block would be decided through free elections.
4) Poland was was the stumbling block as they agreed to hold free elections but Britain supported the London Poles to take power (capatalist) and Starlin wanted pro-communist goverenment.
What were the agreements of Potsdam and changes of leadership
Germany had surrended, the United Nations had been created with 51 members and Scientists in the US had created the Atomic Bomb.
- Germany would be split into four Zones (France, Britain, US, USSR) but with one economy.
- Also Berlin would be split into four zones eventhough it was deep in the Soviets zone in Germany.
- An agreement was not reached over the governments in eastern Europe, Truman objected to Soviet Union having control over the countries it had libberated. He also objected the arrangements for Poland’s borders from Yalta.
What where the changes of Leadership in Potsdam and how did that effect relations?
Roosevelt died and was replaced by Truman and Churchill lost the election and Labour leader Clement Attlee took over.
- Truman and Attlee were new leaders (not for the war) so it was much harder to get their way with Starlin.
- Truman was determined to be hard and tough in the agreements and Attlee main concern was to return back to the UK and take charge.
What was the Truman Doctorine and why was it created?
It was created because Truman was scared that communism would spread through the war-torn countries in Europe as it was desirable now.
The doctorine said it wanted to contain comunism (stop the spread) and America would send troops, resources and money to any country that Joined and rejected communism.
What was the significance of the Truman Doctorine?
- Unffocial start of The Cold War
- Takes America away from Isolationism (not being invloved in Global Affairs).
- Little significance as it is only written no action.
- Created the divide of Communism or Democracy.
What was the Marshall Plan and What did hope to Achieve?
It was the follow up action to Truman Doctorine over 4 years the US gave 12.7 billion dollars to 16 war-torn european capatilist countries so they could rebuild their economy and industry.
It also created allies and closer ties of Europe and the US which could be used for war and trading.
What was USSR’s reaction to the Marshall Plan?
Angered Starlin as it did not help the USSR or Satellite states as the US were not giving them any money. Furthermore it stopped Starlin’s dream of spreading all over Europe. He also saw it as America trying create a European Economic Empire and he called it Dollar Imperialism.
What effect did the Truman Doctorine and The Marshall Plan have on International Relations?
- Offically Ended the Grand Alliance.
- Starlin’s suspicions of the west reinforced, he believed the US were trying to crush the Soviet Union.
- Split Europe into wester into two economic and political camps.
What was Cominform and why was it created?
It was created in response the Truman Doctorine and Marshall Plan, and was mainly created to ban any SS county from accepting the MP.
Also for Starlin to have more power and control over the SS’s governement and leaders and would be removed if unloyal.
Starlin also encouraged communist in capatalists countries to protest it, 2 million protestors in France.
What was Comecon and why was it created?
Comecom job was to provide aid, in money and troops, to countries who believed in communism (version of the Marshall Plan).
- It discouraged trade with the US and EU and encouraged trading with SS, for example Hungary went from traiding 10% with Comecon member in 1930 to 90% in 1951.
- It also strated Starlins 5 year plan to turn Russia into devoloping heavy industry and machine based agriculture.
What shows that Comecon increased tension of Superpower Relations?
US created NATO in the same year 1949, which was a military alliance of western countries. This shows how the US felt threatened enough from Comecon to create a military allience, they are prelaring for war, by confirming allies.
Why was Starlin upset with the allies in Germany?
- Trizonia’s berlin was a small island of capitalism in a sea of communism, it meant Germany could not be a buffer zone and attacking would easier as they could attack from the inside and out.
- Creating ‘Trizonia’ scared Starlin as he saw it seperating Germany into capatalist and communist.
- Also the allies set up a new currency ‘Deutschmark’ creating 2 different economys, east and west germany.
Starlin saw the west as Ganging up on him flrcing them into poverty so he had to take action.
What was the Berlin Blockade?
Starlin knew the Berlin countries where vunerable as they were surrounded by soviet control. These countries could only get supplies through 2 air routes and land routes. Starlin cuts off the land route and cut off electricity and power. This meant the allies could not communicste and trade couldn’t take place.
