Origins, insertions, actions of Muscles Flashcards
O, I, A OF ORBICULARIS ORIS
ORIGIN: SEVERAL FACIAL MUSCLES, MANDIBLE, MAXILLA
iNSERTION: LIPS
ACTION: CLOSES AND PUCKERS LIPS
ORBICULARIS ORIS O,I,A
ORIGIN: FRONTAL AND MAXILLA BONES
INSERTION: EYELIDS
ACTION: CLOSES EYELIDS
FRONTALIS O,I,A
ORIGIN: APONEUROSIS(EPICRANIAL)
INSERTION: SOFT TISSUE UNDER THE EYEBROWS
ACTION: ELEVATES EYEBROWS AND WRINKLES FOREHEAD
OCCIPITALIS O,I,A
ORIGIN: MASTOID PROCESS AND OCCIPITAL BONE
INSERTION: APONEUROSIS (EPICRANIAL)
ACTION: PULLS SCALP BACKWARD
O, I, A OF ZYGOMATICUS
ORIGIN: ZYGOMATIC ARCH
INSERTION: ORBICULARIS ORIS AT CORNER OF MOUTH
ACTION: ELEVATES AND ABDUCTS THE UPPER LIP AS IN SMILING AND LAUGHING
O, I , A OF TRIANGULARIS
ORIGIN: MANDIBLE
INSERTION: ORBICULARIS ORIS AT CORNER OF MOUTH
ACTION: DEPRESSES MOUTH
PLATYSMA O, I, A
ORIGIN: FASCIA OF UPPER CHEST AND SHOULDER
INSERTION: MANDIBLE AND MUSCLES AROUND THE MOUTH
ACTION: DEPRESSES THE LOWER LIP AND ASSISTS IN OPENING THE MOUTH
BUCCINATOR OIA
ORIGIN: MANDIBLE AND MAXILLA
INSERTION: ORBICULARIS ORIS AT CORNER OF MOUTH
ACTION: COMPRESSES THE CHEEK, HOLDS FOOD BETWEEN TEETH DURING CHEWING, AND INTERACTS WITH OTHER MUSCLES IN FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
MASSETER OIA
ORIGIN: ZYGOMATIC ARCH
INSERTION: LATERAL SURFACE OF RAMUS AND ANGLE OF MANDIBLE
ACTION: ELEVATES THE MANDIBLE
TEMPORALIS OIA
ORIGIN: TEMPORAL, PARIETAL, AND FRONTAL BONES
INSERTION: CORONOID PROCESS OF MANDIBLE
ACTION: ACTS SYNERGISTICALLY WITH THE MASSETER TO ELEVATE MANDIBLE
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID OIA
ORIGIN: STERNUM AND MEDIAL END OF CLAVICLE
INSERTION: MASTOID PROCESS
ACTION: CONTRACTION OF BOTH MUSCLES FLEXES THE HEAD DOWN TOWARD THE CHEST. CONTRACTION OF ONE MUSCLE ONLY LATERALLY ROTATES HEAD AWAY FROM THE SIDE OF THE CONTRACTING MUSCLE
PECTORALIS MAJOR OIA
ORIGIN: CLAVICLE, STERNUM, COSTAL CARTILAGES, AND APONEUROSIS OF EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
INSERTION: ALONG GROOVE BETWEEN GREATER AND LESSER TUBERCLES OF HUMERUS
ACTION: ADDUCTION AND MEDIAL ROTATION OF UPPER ARM
DELTOID OIA
ORIGIN: ACROMION AND SPINE OF SCAPULA
INSERTION: DELTOID TUBEROSITY OF HUMERUS
ACTION: FLEXION, ABDUCTION, AND EXTENSION OF UPPER ARM
SERRATUS ANTERIOR OIA
ORIGIN: UPPER EIGHT OR NINE RIBS
INSERTION: MEDIAL BORDER OF THE SCAPULA
ACTION: PULLS SCAPULA DOWNWARD AND FORWARD TOWARD THE CHEST
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
ORIGIN: LOWER BORDER OF THE UPPER RIB
INSERTION: UPPER EDGE OF THE LOWER RIB
ACTION: ELEVATE RIB CAGE AND INCREASE VOLUME OF THE THORAX, RESULTING IN INSPIRATION OF AIR IN BREATHING
INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
ORIGIN: UPPER BORDER OF THE LOWER RIB
INSERTION: LOWER EDGE OF UPPER RIB
ACTION: DEPRESS RIB CAGE AND DRAW RIBS CLOSER TOGETHER. DECREASES VOLUME OF THORAX, CAUSING EXPIRATION OF AIR IN BREATHING
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
ORIGIN: SUPERFICIAL MUSCLE ON LOWER EIGHT RIBS
INSERTION: ILIAC CREST AND LINEA ALBA
ACTION: COMPRESS THE ABDOMINAL ORGANS, AND MAINTAIN OR INCREASE INTRAABDOMINAL PRESSURE, AIDING IN URINATION, DEFECATION, AND CHILDBIRTH. ANTAGONISTS TO DIAPHRAGM AND AID IN FORCING AIR FROM THE LUNGS
INTERNAL OBLIQUE
ORIGIN: ILIAC CREST AND INGUINAL LIGAMENT
INSERTION: COSTAL CARTILAGES OF LOWER 3 RIBS
ACTION: COMPRESS THE ABDOMINAL ORGANS, AND MAINTAIN OR INCREASE INTRAABDOMINAL PRESSURE, AIDING IN URINATION, DEFECATION, AND CHILDBIRTH. ANTAGONISTS TO DIAPHRAGM AND AID IN FORCING AIR FROM THE LUNGS
TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS
ORIGIN: INGUINAL LIGAMENT, ILIAC CREST, AND COSTAL CARTILAGES OF LOWER SIX RIBS
INSERTION: LINEA ALBA AND PUBIC CREST
ACTION: COMPRESS THE ABDOMINAL ORGANS, AND MAINTAIN OR INCREASE INTRAABDOMINAL PRESSURE, AIDING IN URINATION, DEFECATION, AND CHILDBIRTH. ANTAGONISTS TO DIAPHRAGM AND AID IN FORCING AIR FROM THE LUNGS
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
ORIGIN: PUBIC BONE
INSERTION: XIPHOID PROCESS AND CARTILAGES OF THE FIFTH, SIXTH, AND SEVENTH RIBS
ACTION: AIDS IN FLEXION OF TRUNK IN LUMBAR REGION;;;;COMPRESS THE ABDOMINAL ORGANS, AND MAINTAIN OR INCREASE INTRAABDOMINAL PRESSURE, AIDING IN URINATION, DEFECATION, AND CHILDBIRTH. ANTAGONISTS TO DIAPHRAGM AND AID IN FORCING AIR FROM THE LUNGS
TRAPEZIUS
ORIGIN: OCCIPITAL BONE AND SPINOUS PROCESS OF CERVICAL AND THORACIC VERTEBRAE
INSERTION: SPINE AND ACROMION PROCESS OF SCAPULA AND ON LATERAL THIRD OF CLAVICLE
ACTION: ADDUCTS AND ELEVATES SCAPULA; PULLS HEAD BACKWARD (HYPEREXTENSION) IF SCAPULAE ARE FIXED
LATISSIMUS DORSI
ORIGIN: LARGE APONEUROSIS ATTACHED TO THORACIC AND LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
INSERTION: GROOVE BETWEEN THE GREATER AND LESSER TUBERCLES OF THE HUMERUS
ACTION: EXTENDS, ADDUCTS, AND ROTATES ARM MEDIALLY; PULLS SHOULDER DOWNWARD AND BACKWARD
INFRASPINATUS
ORIGIN: INFERIOR MARGIN OF SPINE AND POSTERIOR SURFACE OF SCAPULA
INSERTION: GREATER TUBERCLE OF HUMERUS
ACTION: ROTATES UPPER ARM LATERALLY
SUPRASPINATUS
ORIGIN: FOSSA SUPERIOR TO THE SCAPULAR SPINE
INSERTS: GREATER TUBERCLE OF HUMERUS
ACTION: ASSISTS DELTOID IN ABDUCTING UPPER ARM
TERES MAJOR
ORIGIN: POSTERIOR SURFACE OF SCAPULA
INSERTION: LESSER TUBERCLE OF HUMERUS
ACTION: ROTATES UPPER ARM MEDIALLY
CORACOBRACHIALIS
ORIGIN: CORACOID PROCESS OF THE SCAPULA
INSERTION: MIDDLE MEDIAL SURFACE OF THE HUMERUS
ACTION: FLEXES AND ADDUCTS UPPER ARM
BICEPS BRACHII
ORIGIN: 2 PLACES ON THE SCAPULA= CORACOID PROCESS AND THE TUBERCLE SUPERIOR TO THE GLENOID CAVITY
INSERTION: RADIAL TUBEROSITY
ACTION: FLEXES FOREARM; ROTATES FOREARM LATERALLY (SUPINATION)
BRACHIALIS
ORIGIN: LOWER HALF OF THE HUMERUS
INSERTION: CORONOID PROCESS OF THE ULNA
ACTION: FLEXES THE FOREARM
BRACHIORADIALIS
ORIGIN: LATERAL EPICONDYLE OF THE HUMERUS
INSERTION: LATERAL SURFACE OF THE RADIUS JUST ABOVE THE STYLOID PROCESS
ACTION: FLEXES THE FOREARM
TRICEPS BRACHII
ORIGIN: 3 SITES= THE TUBERCLE BELOW THE GLENOID CAVITY, AND THE POSTERIOR AND MEDIAL SURFACES OF THE HUMERUS.
INSERTION: OLECRANON PROCESS OF THE ULNA
ACTION: EXTENDS THE FOREARM
SUPINATOR
ORIGIN: LATERAL EPICONDYLE OF THE HUMERUS AND THE PROXIMAL CREST OF THE ULNA.
INSERTION: LATERAL MARGIN OF THE RADIAL TUBEROSITY
ACTION: ROTATES FOREARM LATERALLY (SUPINATION)
PRONATOR TERES
ORIGIN: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF THE HUMERUS
INSERTION: PROXIMAL LATERAL SURFACE OF THE RADIUS
ACTION: ROTATES FOREARM MEDIALLY (PRONATION)
PRONATOR QUADRATUS
ORIGIN: DISTAL PART OF THE ULNA
INSERTION: DISTAL LATERAL PART OF THE RADIUS
ACTION: PRONATES FOREARM
FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
ORIGIN: FROM THE MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF THE HUMERUS AND EXTENDS DIAGONALLY ACROSS THE ARM WHERE ITS TENDON DIVIDES TO INSERT
INSERTION: PROXIMAL ENDS OF THE SECOND AND THIRD METACARPALS
ACTION: FLEXES AND ABDUCTS THE HAND
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
ORIGIN: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF THE HUMERUS
INSERTION: PROXIMAL END OF THE FIFTH METACARPAL
ACTION: FLEXES AND ADDUCTS THE HAND
FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS
ORIGIN: HUMERUS, ULNA, AND RADIUS
INSERTION: MIDDLE PHALANGES OF FINGERS 2-5
ACTION:FLEXES MIDDLE PHALANGES OF FINGERS 2-5
FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS
ORIGIN: ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE ULNA
INSERTION: ON THE DISTAL PHALANGES OF FINGERS 2-5
ACTION: FLEXES DISTAL PHALANGES OF FINGERS 2-5
FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS
ORIGIN: RADIUS AND ULNA
INSERTION: DISTAL PHALANX OF THE THUMB
ACTION: FLEXES THE THUMB
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS AND BREVIS
BOTH ORIGINATE: LATERAL EPICONDYLE OF THE HUMERUS
INSERTION: LONGUS= PROXIMAL END OF THE SECOND METACARPAL. BREVIS= PROXIMAL END OF THE THIRD METACARPAL.
ACTION: BOTH MUSCLES EXTEND AND ABDUCT THE HAND
EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS
ORIGIN: LATERAL EPICONDYLE OF THE HUMERUS
INSERTION: BASE OF THE 5TH METACARPAL
ACTION: EXTENDS FINGERS 2-5
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
ORIGIN: LATERAL EPICONDYLE OF THE HUMERUS
INSERTION: POSTERIOR SURFACE OF DISTAL PHALANGES OF FINGERS 2-5
ACTION: EXTENDS FINGERS 2-5
EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS
ORIGIN: RADIUS AND ULNA
INSERTION: DISTAL PHALANX OF THE THUMB
ACTION: EXTENDS THE THUMB
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS
ORIGIN: INTEROSSEUS LIGAMENT BETWEEN THE RADIUS AND ULNA
INSERTION: LATERAL SURFACE OF THE FIRST METACARPAL
ACTION: ABDUCTS THE THUMB
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
ORIGIN: ILIUM, SACRUM, AND COCCYX
INSERTION: POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE FEMUR AND ILIOTIBIAL TRACT
ACTION: EXTENDS AND LATERALLY ROTATES THE THIGH
ILIOTIBIAL TRACT
A BROAD TENDON EXTENDING FROM THE GLUTEUS MAXIMUS MUSCLE TO THE TIBIA
GLUTEUS MEDIUS AND GLUTEUS MINIMUS
ORIGIN: ILIUM
INSERTION: GREATER TROCHANTER OF THE FEMUR
ACTION: ABDUCT AND MEDIALLY ROTATE THE THIGH
PIRIFORMIS
ORIGIN: ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE SACRUM
INSERTION: GREATER TROCHANTER OF THE FEMUR
ACTION: ABDUCTS AND LATERLLY ROTATES THE THIGH
ADDUCTOR LONGUS AND ADDUCTOR BREVIS
BOTH ORIGINATE: THE PUBIS
BOTH INSERT: POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE FEMUR. THE ADDUCTOR BREVIS IS SHORTER AND INSERTS SUPERIOR TO THE ADDUCTOR LONGUS
ACTION: ADDUCT, FLEX, AND LATERALLY ROTATE THE THIGH.
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
ORIGIN: ISCHIUM AND PUBIS
INSERTION: POSTERIOR SURFACE AND MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF THE FEMUR
ACTION: ADDUCTS, FLEXES, AND LATERALLY ROTATES THE THIGH
WHAT MUSCLES ARE KNOWN AS THE HAMSTRINGS?
BICEPS FEMORIS, SEMIMEMBRANOSUS, SEMITENDINOSUS
BICEPS FEMORIS
ORIGIN: ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY AND THE POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE FEMUR
INSERTION: HEAD OF THE FIBULA AND LATERAL EPICONDYLE OF THE TIBIA
ACTION: FLEX LOWER LEG, EXTEND THIGH, LATERALLY ROTATES THIGH
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
ORIGIN: ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
INSERTION: POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF THE TIBIA
ACTION: FLEX LOWER LEG, EXTEND THIGH, AND ROTATE THE THIGH MEDIALLY
SEMITENDINOSUS
ORIGIN: ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
INSERTION: UPPER MEDIAL SURFACE OF THE TIBIA
ACTION: FLEX LOWER LEG, EXTEND THIGH, AND ROTATE THE THIGH MEDIALLY
WHAT MUSCLES ARE KNOWN AS THE QUADRICEPS FEMORIS?
RECTUS FEMOIS, VASTUS LATERALIS, VASTUS MEDIALIS, VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
RECTUS FEMORIS
ORIGIN: ANTERIOR INFERIOR ILIAC SPINE
INSERTION: TIBIAL TUBEROSITY
ACTION: EXTENDS THE LOWER LEG AND FLEXS THIGH
VASTUS LATERALIS
ORIGIN: GREATER TROCHANTER AND POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE FEMUR
INSERTION: TIBIAL TUBEROSITY
ACTION: EXTENDS LOWER LEG
VASTUS MEDIALIS
ORIGIN: POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE FEMUR
INSERTION: TIBIAL TUBEROSITY
ACTION: EXTENDS LOWER LEG
VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
ORIGIN: ANTERIOR AND LATERAL SURFACES OF THE FEMUR
INSERTION: TIBIAL TUBEROSITY
ACTION: EXTENDS LOWER LEG
SARTORIUS
ORIGIN: ANTERIOR SUPERIOR SPINE OF THE ILIUM
INSERTION: PROXIMAL MEDIAL SURFACE OF THE TIBIA
ACTION: FLEXES LOWER LEG AND THIGH, ROTATES THE THIGH LATERALLY AND THE LEG MEDIALLY
TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
ORIGIN: ANTERIOR ILIAC CREST
INSERTION: ILIOTIBIAL TRACT
ACTION: FLEXS AND ABDUCTS THIGH
GRACILIS
ORIGIN: LOWER EDGE OF PUBIS
INSERTION: PROXIMAL MEDIAL SURFACE OF THE TIBIA
ACTION: ADDUCTS THE THIGH AND FLEXES THE LEG.
GASTROCNEMIUS
ORIGIN: LATERAL AND MEDIAL CONDYLES OF THE FEMUR
INSERTION: POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE CALCANEUS
ACTION: FLEXES LEG, PLANTAR FLEXES FOOT
SOLEUS
ORIGIN: THE HEAD OF THE POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE FIBULA AND SHAFT OF THE TIBIA
INSERTION: THE CALCANEUS ( ITS TENDON UNITES WITH THE TENDON THE GASTROCNEMIUS TO FORM THE ACHILLES TENDON)
ACTION: PLANTAR FLEXES THE FOOT
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
ORIGIN: ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE LATERAL CONDYLE AND UPPER 2/3 OF THE TIBIA
INSERTION: INFERIOR SURFACE OF A TARSAL BONE AND THE FIRST METATARSAL ( IT CROSSES OVER AT THE ANKLE TO INSERT)
ACTION: PRODUCES DORSIFLEXION AND INVERSION OF THE FOOT
TIBIALIS POSTERIOR
ORIGIN: POSTERIOR SURFACES OF THE TIBIA AND FIBULA
INSERTION: INFERIOR SURFACES OF SEVERAL TARSAL BONES AND METATARSAL BONES 2-4
ACTION: PLANTAR FLEXES AND INVERTS THE FOOT
FIBULARIS LONGUS (PERONEUS LONGUS)
ORIGIN: THE HEAD AND PROXIMAL PORTION OF THE FIBULA
INSERTION: FIRST METATARSAL AND A TARSAL BONE (THE TENDON PASSES UNDER THE ARCH OF THE FOOT TO INSERT)
ACTION: PLANTAR FLEXES AND EVERTS THE FOOT, SUPPORTS TRANSVERSE ARCH.
FIBULARIS BREVIS (PERONEUS BREVIS)
ORIGIN: MIDDLE PORTION OF THE FIBULA
INSERTION: LATERAL PROXIMAL MARGIN OF THE 5TH METATARSAL
ACTION: PLANTAR FLEXES AND EVERTS THE FOOT
FIBULARIS TERTIUS (PERONEUS TERTIUS)
ORIGIN: LOWER PORTION OF THE FIBULA
INSERTION: MEDIAL PROXIMAL MARGIN OF THE 5TH METATARSAL
ACTION: DORSIFLEXES AND EVERTS
FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
ORGIN: LOWER 2/3 OF THE FIBULA
INSERTION: DISTAL PHALANX OF THE GREAT TOE (TENDON RUNS DIAGONALLY UNDER THE FOOT TO INSERT)
ACTION: FLEXES THE GREAT TOE, AIDS IN PLANTAR FLEXION OF THE FOOT
FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
ORIGIN: LOWER 2/3 OF THE MEDIAL POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE TIBIA
INSERTION: DISTAL PHALANGES OF THE TOES 2-5 ( TENDON PASSES ALONG THE BOTTOM OF THE FOOT AND DIVIDES TO INSERT)
ACTION: FLEXES TOES 2-5, AIDS IN PLANTAR FLEXION OF THE FOOT
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
ORIGIN: LATERAL CONDYLE OF THE TIBIA AND THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE FIBULA
INSERTION: UPPER SURFACES OF THE SECOND AND THIRD PHALANGES OF TOES 2-5
ACTION: EXTENDS TOES 2-5, AIDS IN DORSIFLEXION OF THE FOOT
(IT LIES LATERAL AND POSTERIOR TO THE TIBIALIS ANTERIOR)
EXTENSOR HALLICUS LONGUS
ORIGIN: ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE FIBULA
INSERTION: UPPER SURFACE OF THE DISTAL PHALANX OF THE GREAT TOE
ACTION: EXTENDS THE GREAT TOE, AIDS IN DORSIFLEXION OF THE FOOT.
