Brain stuff

Question 1

csf

Answer 1

protective shock absorber

Question 2

innermost layer touching the brain

Answer 2

pia mater

Question 3

middle layer of meninges; intermediate meninx with delicate fibers extending from its inner surface

Answer 3

arachnoid mater

Question 4

outer layer adhering to the skull bone

Answer 4

dura mater

Question 5

what is within the dura mater

Answer 5

sagittal dural sinus (receives venous blood from the brain as it returns to the heart) and arachnoid granulations

Question 6

cerebrum

Answer 6

integrates and interprets incoming sensory impulses as sensations and initiates conscious motor responses; intelligence, will ,and memory; divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres and controls the opposite side of the body

Question 7

cerebellum

Answer 7

subconscious control of muscular contractions enabling muscular coordination, balance, and posture

Question 8

pineal gland

Answer 8

secrets hormone melatonin and is involved in sleep/wake patterns; part of the diencephalon

Question 9

superior colliculi

Answer 9

visual reflex center

Question 10

inferior colliculi

Answer 10

auditory reflex center

Question 11

medulla oblongata

Answer 11

heart rate, breathing rate and depth, and diameter of blood vessels

Question 12

hypothalamus

Answer 12

autonomic regulation of body functions such as temp, water and electrolyte balance, sleep, and hunger

Question 13

olfactory

Answer 13

cranial nerve I; only sensory fibers for sense of smell; olfactory bulb and olfactory tract

Question 14

optic

Answer 14

cranial nerve II; sensory nerve functions in vision and contains axons of sensory nerve cells in retina; optic chiasma and optic tract; cross over and pass through optic chiasma and then through optic tracts to thalamus and onto visual centers of the cerebrum

Question 15

oculomotor

Answer 15

cranial nerve III; innervates levator palpebrae muscle, which raises eyelid and four extrinsic muscles of eyeball: superior, medial and inferior rectus muscles and inferior oblique; control iris of eye and focusing lens(autonomic)

Question 16

trochlear

Answer 16

cranial nerve IV; motor nerve innervates superior oblique and extrinsic muscles of eyeball; pully in eye; roll eye

Question 17

trigeminal nerve

Answer 17

cranial nerve V; largest cranial nerve; innervates much of mouth and face; ophthalamic division is sensory nerve innervates skin of scalp, forehead, eyelid and nose; lacrimal tear gland and parts of eye; maxillary division impulses from upper teeth, gums and lip; mandibular division mixed nerve containing both motor and sensory axons innervating the lower teeth, gums and lip; lower part of tongue and lower part of face

Question 18

abducens

Answer 18

cranial nerve VI; small motor nerve; innervates lateral rectus an extrinsic muscle of eyeball; lateral rectus= abduct eyeball

Question 19

facial

Answer 19

cranial nerve VII; mixed nerve arises from lower part of pons; innervates facial muscles, salivary glands, and the anterior two-thirds of tongue including taste buds

Question 20

vestibulocochlear

Answer 20

cranial nerve VIII; sensory nerve innervating inner ear; vestibular branch carries impulses from receptor in inner ear that detect balance; cochlear branch carries impulses from receptors contained within the inner ear that detect sound

Question 21

Glossopharyngeal

Answer 21

cranial nerve IX; mixed nerve innervates mouth lining, posterior part of tongue, and pharynx; motor impulses for swallowing reflexes, salivary secretions and respiration; sensory impulses from chemo and baro receptors in carotid arteries, touch, pressure, and pain receptors of tongue and pharynx; plus taste buds from posterior third of tongue

Question 22

Vagus

Answer 22

cranial nerve X; mixed nerve; descends in neck, thorax, and abdomen to innervate pharynx, larynx, and thoracic and abdominal viscera; major nerve of autonomic system; motor impulses for speech, swallowing, and regulation of abdominal and thoracic visceral functions; sensory impulses from receptors in abdominal and thoracic viscera

Question 23

accessory

Answer 23

cranial nerve XI; motor nerve; cranial branch innervates muscles of the pharynx and larynx; spinal branch innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid; arises from both medulla and spinal cord

Question 24

hypoglossal

Answer 24

cranial nerve XII; motor nerve innervates muscles of tongue involved in food manipulation, speech, and swallowing; below the tongue

Question 25

medulla

Answer 25

lowest part of brain stem and is a connecting link between the brain and spinal cord; contains centers that control heart and breathing rates

Question 26

connects the third and fourth ventricles

Answer 26

cerebral aqueduct

Question 27

cerebral peduncle

Answer 27

contain motor tracts between the cerebrum and lower parts of brain stem