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SOUTH AFRICA - establishing apartheid up to 1954 > origins and nature of apartheid and its development to 1954 > Flashcards

origins and nature of apartheid and its development to 1954 Flashcards

1
Q

How many black africans fought for England in the second world war?

A

114,000

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2
Q

What jobs were black South Africans given during war any why?

A

Given jobs as labourers and orderlies as weren’t allowed to carry weapons

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3
Q

How did WW2 affect industry in SA?

A

Greatly helped and more blacks employed as whites at war

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4
Q

By 1945 how many black males were employed in SA industry?

A

Over 300,000

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5
Q

By 1946 what had happened to urban areas?

A

More blacks and whites

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6
Q

in 1946 what was the average wage in urban areas compared to rural?

A

£128 (£32 in farming)

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7
Q

How did Britain influence SA around 1946?

A

Many laws (e.g pass laws) became more relaxed

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8
Q

How had black wages changed?

A

Risen from 1/5 to 1/4 of white wages

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9
Q

What did blacks do in response to changes?

A

Organised boycotts and strikes (e.g resistance of The Ghetto Act in 1945)

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10
Q

How did Ghandi influence black resistance?

A

His work in natal in 1893 with the Indian community also inspired blacks to do the same

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11
Q

What happened in August 1946?

A

Over 73,000 workers from 21 different mines took part in strikes

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12
Q

When was the Colour Bar Act introduced?

A

1926?

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13
Q

What 4 things did the 1926 Colour Bar ensure?

A

Reserved certain jobs in mining and railways

Allowed whites to gain positions of privilege

Coloureds were bracketed with whites in position of privilege

Blacks were only allowed to be workers

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14
Q

When was the Native Land Act?

A

1913

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15
Q

What 5 things did the 1913 Native Land Act ensure?

A

Only 7% of arable land to Africans and left more fertile land for whites

Created reserves for blacks and prohibited sale of territory in white areas to blacks and vice versa

Over 80% of land went to whites

Whites made up less than 20% of the population

Black people could live outside reserves if could prove employment

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16
Q

When was the Immortality Act?

A

1927

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17
Q

What 4 things did the 1927 Immortality act ensure?

A

Prohibited extra-marital sex between white and blacks

Penalty of up to 5 years for a man and 4 for a woman

18
Q

When was the South Africa Act?

A

1909

19
Q

What 4 things did the 1909 South Africa Act result in?

A

SA would be mainly driven by Boers

Government set up similar to US

Women not allowed to vote

Debate about voting rights for blacks and coloureds. Most didn’t and places like Natal that did faced widespread intimidation

20
Q

What 3 things were segregated before 1948?

A

Housing - much better for poor whites as they had the vote

Passes - restricted the blacks entering towns, made satay temporary. had to carry them at all times

Jobs - very separate e.g in the mines

21
Q

What did the 1924 Industrial Conciliation Act do?

A

Allowed white to join trade unions but not blacks

22
Q

When was the Population Registration Act?

A

1950

23
Q

What 4 things did the 1950 Population Registration Act do?

A

Aimed to help gov know who belonged to each racial group before apartheid could be implemented

Racial register starts after 1951

Registration also divided nations and coloureds into smaller groups

What group you were in depended on how you were usually treated

24
Q

13 years after the 1950 Population Registration Act how many people still weren’t classified?

A

20,000

25
Q

When was the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act?

A

1949

26
Q

what did the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act do?

A

Banned marriages between whites and non-whites?

27
Q

When was the Immortality Amendment Act?

A

1950

28
Q

What 3 things did the Immortality Amendment Act do?

A

banned sex between whites and non -whites

Max penalty was 6 months labour but was increased to 7 years in 1957

police entered peoples houses without warning

29
Q

between 1950-1960 how many were found guilty of disobeying the Immortality Amendment Act?

A

3890

30
Q

What 4 things did apartheid legislation result in?

A

Every aspect of life was determined under law by race

Laws aimed to separate the races but treat whites more favourably

facilities weren’t equal

Opposition wasn’t tolerated

31
Q

When was the Group Areas Act?

A

1950

32
Q

What did the 1950 Group Areas Act means for SA?

A

both urban and rural areas were divided into zones in which members of only one race lived

Blacks were the ones to be removed by force

33
Q

When was the Bantu Resettlement Act?

A

1954

34
Q

What did the 1954 Bantu Resettlement Act entail?

A

saw government beginning to remove Africans from western Johannesburg suburbs of Sophiatown, Newclare and Martindale

35
Q

What happened on the 10th February 1955?

A

government began to remove residents physically - 60,000 were removed by army trucks and police from Sophiatown

36
Q

how long did the Bantu Resettlement last?

A

3 decades and approx 3.5 million were removed from white areas

37
Q

What did the government establish?

A

10 homelands - referred to as Bantustans

38
Q

When was the Bantu Education Act?

A

1953

39
Q

What did the Bantu Education Act do?

A

All schools were brought under state control - had originally been missionary schools which were very good

Less money spent on black people - In 1953 63.63 rands spent on white children and just 8.99 on black children

40
Q

State 9 impacts that the 1953 Bantu Education Act had

A 
Restricted opposition to apartheid
Consolidates apartheid 
Teaches and brainwashes white children that they are superior 
Restricts information
Limits rest of their life 
Decreases healthcare 
Limits income 
Limited access to communities 
Teaches black children to not have ambition

SOUTH AFRICA - establishing apartheid up to 1954 (4 decks)

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