origins and nature of apartheid and its development to 1954 Flashcards
How many black africans fought for England in the second world war?
114,000
What jobs were black South Africans given during war any why?
Given jobs as labourers and orderlies as weren’t allowed to carry weapons
How did WW2 affect industry in SA?
Greatly helped and more blacks employed as whites at war
By 1945 how many black males were employed in SA industry?
Over 300,000
By 1946 what had happened to urban areas?
More blacks and whites
in 1946 what was the average wage in urban areas compared to rural?
£128 (£32 in farming)
How did Britain influence SA around 1946?
Many laws (e.g pass laws) became more relaxed
How had black wages changed?
Risen from 1/5 to 1/4 of white wages
What did blacks do in response to changes?
Organised boycotts and strikes (e.g resistance of The Ghetto Act in 1945)
How did Ghandi influence black resistance?
His work in natal in 1893 with the Indian community also inspired blacks to do the same
What happened in August 1946?
Over 73,000 workers from 21 different mines took part in strikes
When was the Colour Bar Act introduced?
1926?
What 4 things did the 1926 Colour Bar ensure?
Reserved certain jobs in mining and railways
Allowed whites to gain positions of privilege
Coloureds were bracketed with whites in position of privilege
Blacks were only allowed to be workers
When was the Native Land Act?
1913
What 5 things did the 1913 Native Land Act ensure?
Only 7% of arable land to Africans and left more fertile land for whites
Created reserves for blacks and prohibited sale of territory in white areas to blacks and vice versa
Over 80% of land went to whites
Whites made up less than 20% of the population
Black people could live outside reserves if could prove employment
When was the Immortality Act?
1927
What 4 things did the 1927 Immortality act ensure?
Prohibited extra-marital sex between white and blacks
Penalty of up to 5 years for a man and 4 for a woman
When was the South Africa Act?
1909
What 4 things did the 1909 South Africa Act result in?
SA would be mainly driven by Boers
Government set up similar to US
Women not allowed to vote
Debate about voting rights for blacks and coloureds. Most didn’t and places like Natal that did faced widespread intimidation
What 3 things were segregated before 1948?
Housing - much better for poor whites as they had the vote
Passes - restricted the blacks entering towns, made satay temporary. had to carry them at all times
Jobs - very separate e.g in the mines
What did the 1924 Industrial Conciliation Act do?
Allowed white to join trade unions but not blacks
When was the Population Registration Act?
1950
What 4 things did the 1950 Population Registration Act do?
Aimed to help gov know who belonged to each racial group before apartheid could be implemented
Racial register starts after 1951
Registration also divided nations and coloureds into smaller groups
What group you were in depended on how you were usually treated
13 years after the 1950 Population Registration Act how many people still weren’t classified?
20,000
When was the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act?
1949
what did the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act do?
Banned marriages between whites and non-whites?
When was the Immortality Amendment Act?
1950
What 3 things did the Immortality Amendment Act do?
banned sex between whites and non -whites
Max penalty was 6 months labour but was increased to 7 years in 1957
police entered peoples houses without warning
between 1950-1960 how many were found guilty of disobeying the Immortality Amendment Act?
3890
What 4 things did apartheid legislation result in?
Every aspect of life was determined under law by race
Laws aimed to separate the races but treat whites more favourably
facilities weren’t equal
Opposition wasn’t tolerated
When was the Group Areas Act?
1950
What did the 1950 Group Areas Act means for SA?
both urban and rural areas were divided into zones in which members of only one race lived
Blacks were the ones to be removed by force
When was the Bantu Resettlement Act?
1954
What did the 1954 Bantu Resettlement Act entail?
saw government beginning to remove Africans from western Johannesburg suburbs of Sophiatown, Newclare and Martindale
What happened on the 10th February 1955?
government began to remove residents physically - 60,000 were removed by army trucks and police from Sophiatown
how long did the Bantu Resettlement last?
3 decades and approx 3.5 million were removed from white areas
What did the government establish?
10 homelands - referred to as Bantustans
When was the Bantu Education Act?
1953
What did the Bantu Education Act do?
All schools were brought under state control - had originally been missionary schools which were very good
Less money spent on black people - In 1953 63.63 rands spent on white children and just 8.99 on black children
State 9 impacts that the 1953 Bantu Education Act had
Restricted opposition to apartheid Consolidates apartheid Teaches and brainwashes white children that they are superior Restricts information Limits rest of their life Decreases healthcare Limits income Limited access to communities Teaches black children to not have ambition
