opposition, resistance and suppression and 1948-55 Flashcards
When was the ANC youth league founded?
1943
Who founded the ANCYL?
Mandela, Tambo, Sisulu and Anton
What did founders of the ANCYL feel about old ANC?
Criticised them for trying to win respect of whites through good behaviour
What were ANCYL actions like?
Moer militant
Did the ANCYL work with other parties?
Didn’t want to cooperate with Indian National Congress as saw them as non-Africans
Didn’t want to be involved with communist party as they weren’t christians and were multi-racial
When was the Programme of Action?
1949 - ANC
What did the Programme of Action entail?
rejected racial segregation completely
work independently of whites
take non-violent action - boycotts, strikes and civil disobedience
How effective was opposition 1948-54?
ANC - became increasingly militant as it joins with YL
SACP - action in 1950 and links with ANC (after death of Lembede in 1947)
SAIC - links with ANC for protests such as the Defiance Campaign in 1952
What did the SACP do in 1950?
organised May Day strike against the government
What were the results of the May Day strike result in?
18 shot
thousands arrested
more laws passed
What did the ANC do in June 1950?
Copied SACP and organised National Day of Protest - large scale strikes and mass arrests
When was the Suppression of Communism Act?
1950
What did the 1950 Suppression of Communism Act do?
Offenders could be banned
Any anti gov activity counted as communist which stopped national outcry
What did the ANC and SAIC do in 1952?
Defiance Campaign to break apartheid laws
What did the 1952 Defiance Campaign result in?
1000’s arrested
ANC membership 7000-10,000
raised awareness
When was the Criminal Law Amendment?
1953
What did the 1953 Criminal Law Amendment entail?
Make it illegal to break other laws as a protest, to assist or persuade others to do so
When was the Public Safety Act?
1953
What did the 1953 Public Safety Act entail?
Allowed gov to declare a state of emergency and suspend all laws if it thought there was threat of major disturbance
What happened to Mandela in 1953?
Banned until 1961
Who became president of ANC in 1953?
Lutuli
name 5 ways the status was undermined pre-1954
Petty apartheid Bantu Education Act Racial classification Geographical separation Employment opportunities
what happened to coloureds in 1955?
vote removed under president Stijdom
