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Functional Anatomy > Origins and Insertions > Flashcards

Origins and Insertions Flashcards

1
Q

Tibialis Anterior Origin

A

proximal 2/3 of anterior tibia
lateral tibial condyle
anterior surface of interosseous membrane

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2
Q

Tibialis Anterior Insertion

A

plantar;medial surfaces of base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

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3
Q

Tib Ant pathway points

A

The tendon is held in place across the front of the ankle by retinacula

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4
Q

Peroneus Longus Origin

A

Proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
Head of fibula

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5
Q

Peroneus Longus Insertion

A

Plantar/medial surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

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6
Q

Peroneus Longus Pathway Points

A

Travels behind the lateral malleolus

Tendon is held in place across the ankle by retinacula

Wraps around lateral side of cuboid to travel under plantar side of foot

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7
Q

Gastroc Origin

A

2 heads, one from each femoral condyle (superior ends)

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8
Q

Soleus Origin

A

Horseshoe shaped origin along proximal 1/4 of posterior tibia and fibula

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9
Q

Gastroc and Soleus Insertion

A

Both merge into Achilles tendon, which inserts on posterior aspect of calcaneus

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10
Q

Gastroc and Soleus Pathway Points

A

Achilles twists medially 90 degrees before inserting on calcaneus

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11
Q

Tibialis Posterior Origin

A

proximal 1/2 of posterior surfaces of tibia, fibula and IOM – distal to soleus horseshoe

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12
Q

Tibialis Posterior Insertion

A

Plantar surfaces of navicular, all 3 cuneiforms, Metatarsals 2 to 4

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13
Q

Tibialis Posterior Pathway Points

A

Origin lies distal to the soleus horseshoe

Travels behind Medial malleolus, across medial ankle, then wraps under plantar side of foot

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14
Q

Sartorius Origin

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

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15
Q

Sartorius Insertion

A

Proximal end of the medial tibia – level with the tibial tuberosity

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16
Q

Sartorius Pathway Points

A

The proximal half travels diagonally across the anterior thigh. The distal half travels inferiorly along the medial thigh. The tendon crosses the medial side of the knee with other pes anserine tendons

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17
Q

Rectus Femoris Origin

A

One head from the Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS); a second head from the ilium just proximal to the acetabulum

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18
Q

Rectus Femoris Insertion

A

Through the quadriceps tendon to the superior margin of the patella, then to the tibial tuberosity through the patellar tendon

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19
Q

Rectus Femoris Pathway Points

A

The proximal tendon travels deep to Sartorius. Its muscle belly travels anteriorly across the hip joint, then down the centre of the anterior thigh

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20
Q

The Vastus Group Origin

A
  • Vastus medialus and lateralis – from the intertrochanteric line (anterior femur)
  • VM origin spirals medially around the shaft of the femur towards the posterior aspect of the femur
  • VL origin spirals laterally, just below greater trochanter, to do the same
  • Both Origins continue distally along the linea aspera (posterior femur)

Vastus Intermedius – Anterior surface of the shaft of the femur, up to the intertrochanteric line

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21
Q

The Vastus Group Insertion

A

Through the quadriceps tendon to the superior margin of the patella, then to the tibial tuberosity through the patellar tendon

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22
Q

The Vastus Group Pathway points

A

VM and VL muscle bellies wrap posteriorly to anteriorly around the thigh. the fibers that originate most proximally travel vertically down the thigh, and fibres that originate most inferiorly travel obliquely, as they approach the margins of patella

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23
Q

Biceps Femoris Origin

A

Long head - ischial tuberosity with SM and ST
Short head - linea aspera and the lateral supracondylar line (posterior side of femur)

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24
Q

Biceps Femoris Insertion

A

Tendon crosses the postero-lateral side of knee to reach the head of fibula

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25
Q

Biceps Femoris Pathway Points

A

Travels inferiorly and laterally across the posterior surface of the thigh

26
Q

Semitendinosus Origin

A

Ischial Tuberosity with SM and BF

27
Q

Semitendinosus Insertion

A

Proximal end of the medial tibia ~ level with the tibial tuberosity

28
Q

Semitendinosus Pathway Points

A
  • Travels inferiorly and medially across the posterior surface of the thigh
  • Superficial to semimembranosus
  • Travels with the other pes anserine tendons across the medial knee
29
Q

Semimembranosus Origin

A

Ischial tuberosity with ST and BF

30
Q

Semimembranosus Insertion

A

Medial tibial condyle, just distal to the medial joint line

31
Q

Semimembranosus Pathway Points

A
  • Travels inferiorly and medially across the posterior surface of the thigh
  • muscle belly lies deep to ST
32
Q

Popliteus Origin

A

Lateral femoral condyle, starts as a narrow tendon

33
Q

Popliteus Insertion

A

Posterior surface of the tibia, proximal to soleal line

34
Q

Popliteus Pathway Points

A
  • Travels deep to the LCL, through the knee joint capsule
  • Some fibres blend with the posterior aspect of lateral meniscus
  • Becomes a fan-shaped muscle belly as it approaches its insertion
35
Q

Gracilis Origin

A

Body of the pubis, and the inferior pubic ramus

36
Q

Gracilis Insertion

A

Proximal end of the medial tibia ~ level with the tibial tuberosity

37
Q

Gracilis Pathway Points

A
  • Narrow strap-like muscle travels down the medial side of the thigh
  • Travels with the other pes anserine tendons across the medial knee
38
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae and ITB Origin

A

ASIS and the anterior third of the iliac crest . The ITB is a thickened connective tissue that originates from the iliac crest, posterior to TFL

39
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae and ITB Insertion

A

ITB inserts on the anterior aspect of the lateral tibial condyle

40
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae and ITB Pathway Points

A

TFL travels posteriorly to blend into the ITB near the level of the greater trochanter. The ITB travels distally along the lateral thigh, superficial to vastus lateralis

41
Q

Gluteus Medius Origin

A

Fan-shaped muscle from the lateral surface of the ilium

42
Q

Gluteus Medius Insertion

A

Greater trochanter of femur

43
Q

Gluteus Medius Pathway Points

A

The most anterior fibers travel posteriorly. The most posterior fibres travel anteriorly. Some fibres are covered by gluteus maximus and others by TFL.
Gluteus medius is superficial to gluteus minimus

44
Q

Gluteus Maximus Origin

A

Lateral surface of ilium, posterior surfaces of the sacrum, coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament

45
Q

Gluteus Maximus Insertion

A
  • Upper (superficial) fibres – blend into the ITB
  • Lower (deep) fibres – gluteal tuberosity (posterior aspect of the femur)
46
Q

Gluteus Maximus Pathway Points

A

Travels diagonally across the posterior hip, superficial to the deep rotators of the hip

47
Q

Piriformis Origin

A

Internal (or anterior) surface of the sacrum

48
Q

Piriformis Insertion

A

Superior border of the greater trochanter

49
Q

Piriformis Pathway Points

A

Exits the greater sciatic foramen above the sacrotuberous ligament, travels laterally across the posterior hip

50
Q

Erector Spinae Distal Attachments

A

Posterior Sacrum and iliac crest

51
Q

Erector Spinae Proximal Attachments

A

Ribs, proximal vertebrae, and skull

52
Q

Erector Spinae Pathway Points

A
  • Muscular columns beside the spinous processes, divided into 3 groups: spinalis (medial), longissimus (middle), iliocostalis (lateral)
  • Wrapped by the thoracolumbar fascia
53
Q

Quadratus Lumborum Origin

A

Posterior third of the iliac crest and the iliolumbar ligament (L5)

54
Q

Quadratus Lumborum Insertion

A

Bottom of rid 12, transverse processes (TPs) of T12 to L4

55
Q

Quadratus Lumborum pathway Points

A
  • Deep, flat, rectangular muscle
  • Lateral to erector spinae, contained within the thoracolumbar fascia
  • TA lies lateral to this muscle belly
56
Q

Psoas Major Origin

A

TPs and bodies of T12 to L5 and their intervertebral discs

57
Q

Psoas Major Insertion

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

58
Q

Psoas Major Pathway Points

A
  • Travels anteriorly along the lumbar vertebrae before blending with iliacus
  • Exits the pelvis by passing under the inguinal ligament
  • Crosses the hip joint, then spirals medially and posteriorly to its insertion
59
Q

Abdominals - Rectus Abdominus, Transverse Abdominus, Internal Oblique, and external obliques Attachments

A

Xiphoid process, ribs 10-12, linea alba, rectus sheath, pubis, inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

60
Q

Abdominals – RA, TA, IO, and EO Pathway Points

A
  • RA travels vertically, within rectus sheath
    -EO travels inferiorly and ,medially along the anterior abdomen
  • IO travels inferiorly and laterally along the anterior abdomen
  • TA travels horizontally around the abdomen (deepest muscle)

Functional Anatomy (2 decks)

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