Origin of the Universe Flashcards
study of the earth, its composition, structure, history and the processes that shaped the earth of the past and those that would continue to mold the earth of the present.
Geology
What is the two broad areas under geology?
Physical Geology an Historical Geology
examines the materials composing Earth and seeks to understand the many processes that operate beneath and upon its surface.
Physical Geology
is to understand the origin of Earth and its development through time. Thus, it strives to establish a chronological arrangement of the multitude of physical and biological changes that have occurred in the geologic past.
Historical Geology
What are the branches under physical geology?
Volcanology, Seismology, Environmental Geology, Engineering Geology, Mining Geology, Petroleum Geology, Mineralogy, Petrology, Seismology, Geomorphology, Geophysics, Geochemistry, Planetary Geology
What are the branches under Historical geology?
Paleontology, Stratigraphy, Geochronology
he totality of space and time – past, present, and future
The Universe
An enormous collection of heavenly bodies held together by gravitational attraction.
Galaxies
The distance travelled by light in one year.
Light year
What is the Speed of Light
3x10^5 km/sec
1 light year is equivalent to _________.
9.4x10^12 km
Is there a pre-existing universe before the Big Bang?
There is no “Before the Big Bang”, for without space, there can be no time.
A realization way back in the 1920s that the universe changes with time, this is measured through the _______________ of a large sample of galaxies became available.
Redshifts
When galaxies attract each other because of their gravity. If they were initially stationary, they would inevitably begin to move closer together and eventually collide, leading to the creation of a ___________________.
Universe
What are the two evidences of the Big Bang Theory?
- The Universe is Expanding (Red Shift)
- It is permeated by a background radiation.
Evidences:
When astronomers look beyond our own solar system, they observe that everywhere in the universe galaxies are _________ _________ from each other at tremendous speeds.
Moving away
Who first recognized the expansion of the universe by measuring the optical spectra of distant galaxies. He also stated that the veloccity in which a galaxy moves away from Earth increases proportionally to its distance on Earth.
Edwin Hubble
the spectral lines (wavelengths of light) of the galaxies are shifted toward the _________ color end of the spectrum; that is, the lines are shifted toward longer wavelengths. Galaxies receding from each other at tremendous speeds would produce such a __________ shift .
Red
the farther away objects are from Earth, the faster they are moving away from us. This became known as ____________ ____________.
Hubble’s Law
It allowed astronomers to calculate how long ago galaxies started moving apart, which provides an estimate of when the Big Bang occurred and how old the Universe is.
Hubble’s Law
The best estimate of the Universe’s age?
13.7 Billion Years Old
When a star is stationary relative to an observer, the light produced looks the same no matter what what direction it is seen from. Our sun is a good example of a star that is not moving much nearer or farther from the Earth.
Doppler Effect
When a star moves away from us, it runs away from the light it emits in our direction. Then makes the light waves we see expand. Because the wavelenghts are longer than usual, the light shift towards the Red side of the spectrum.
Red Shift
When a star moves towards us, it starts to catch up to the light it emits in our direction. This makes the light waves we see contract. Because the wavelenghts are shorter than usual, the light shifts towards the blue side of the spectrum.
Blue shift
