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MCN Lecture > Origin Development of Organ System > Flashcards

Origin Development of Organ System Flashcards

1
Q

This is the term of the zygote cells during the first 4 days of life. They are undifferentiated and can grow into any cells in the human body. They are a single cells than can develop the human body during growth.

A

Totipotent stem cells

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2
Q

In another 4 days, structure implants become an embryo and cells show differentiation and lose ability to become any body cell. the cells go to specific body cells.(nerve, brain etc.)

A

Pluripotent stem cells

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3
Q

stem cells grow so specific after few days. they cannot be setters form a particular body organ such as spleen liver or brain.

A

multipotent stem cells

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4
Q

The direction of the zygote as soon as conception starts. Head, middle (cardio), lower parts of the body.

A

Cephalocaudal

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5
Q

Outer laver of the cell. forms exoskeleton

A

Ectoderm (CNS, PNS, sense organs, mucous membranes of anus, mouth and nose, mammary glands)

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6
Q

Middle layer of the cells. develop into organs

A

Mesoderm (Supporting structure of the body, upper part of the urinary system, reproductive system, heart, lymph, circulatory system, and blood cells)

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7
Q

Inner layer of the cells. Form the inner lining of organs.

A

Endoderm (Lining of pericardial, pleura and peritoneal cavities, lining of the GI tract, respi tract, tonsils, parathyroid tract, thyroid tract, thymus glands, lower urinary system)

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8
Q

Normal duration of pregnancy

A

9 months or 38-42 weeks. 37 is early but normal. 266 - 280 days

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9
Q

Born after duration

A

post term

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10
Q

Has a total of 28 days or period of 4 weeks

A

Lunar month (4 weeks = 1 lunar month)

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11
Q

30 to 31 days except February

A

calendar month

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12
Q

8 weeks gestation (the end of the embryonic period)

A

All organs are complete at least in rudimentary form

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13
Q

Formation of the organs

A

Organogenesis

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14
Q

Its invasion causes the growing structure to be vulnerable during the early time of pregnancy or organogenesis. esp the 1st trimester

A

Teratogens

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15
Q

Examples of factors that affects the fertilized ovum, embryo or fetus are:

A

teratogenic medicine, an infection such as toxoplasmosis, cigarettes’ smoking; or alcohol ingestion.

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16
Q

Is one of the first systems to be functional in the intrauterine life.

A

Cardiovascular system

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17
Q

Joined to walls of the yolk sac progress to become a network of blood vessels and a single heart tube

A

Simple blood cells

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18
Q

When do heart tube (heart) formed and when will it beat

A

It will form on he 16th day of life and will beat on the 24th day of pregnancy.

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19
Q

When do the septum that divide the chambers of the heart form?

A

6th or 7th week of pregnancy

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20
Q

When do the heart valves form?

A

7th week of pregnancy

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21
Q

When can we hear the heartbeat of the fetus and what instrument is used?

A

10th - 12th week of pregnancy with the Doppler.

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22
Q

what will happen after the 28th week of the pregnancy when the sympathetic nervous system has matured?

A

the heart rate stabilizes and begins to show consistent beat of normal fetal heart rate.

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23
Q

What is the normal fetal heart rate?

A

110-160 bpm

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24
Q

Is hemoglobin concentrated

A

Yes

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25
Q

Newborn’s hemoglobin level

A

17.1g/100 ml higher than normal adult

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26
Q

Normal adult hemoglobin level

A

11g/100ml

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27
Q

Newborn hematocrit

A

53%

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28
Q

Normal adult hematocrit

A

45%

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29
Q

Female normal hemoglobin

A

12 - 14g

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30
Q

Male normal hemoglobin

A

14 - 16g

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31
Q

When will the fetal hemoglobin mature into adult hemoglobin?

A

6 month of age

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32
Q

When do spontaneous respiratory practice movements begin?

A

3 months gestation and continue throughout pregnancy.

33
Q

a phospholipid substance, is formed and excreted by the alveolar cells of the lungs

A

Surfactant

34
Q

When will the surfactant begins to excrete in alveolar cells?

A

24th week of pregnancy

35
Q

This decreases alveolar surface tension on expiration, preventing alveolar collapse and improving the infant’s ability to maintain respirations in the outside environment at birth.

A

Surfactant

36
Q

end part of the lungs where surfactant is formed

A

alveoli

37
Q

Two component of surfactant

A

Lecithin and sphingomyelin (LS ratio)

38
Q

What is the chief component during early formation of surfactant

A

sphingomyelin

39
Q

The chief component by 2:1 ratio at about 35 weeks of pregnancy

A

Lecithin

40
Q

Where do all part of the brain form

A

Utero

41
Q

Brain growth continues at high levels until what age?

A

5 or 6

42
Q

When can brain wave be detected and by what instrument

A

At 8th week by Electroencephalogram (ECG)

43
Q

At this week the ear is capable of responding to sound and the eyes exhibit a pupillary reaction, indicating sight is present.

A

24th week

44
Q

produces insulin needed by the fetus

A

fetal pancreas

45
Q

is one of the few substances that does not cross the placenta from the mother to the fetus

A

insulin

46
Q

play vital roles in fetal metabolic function and calcium balance.

A

thyroid and parathyroid glands

47
Q

supply a precursor necessary for estrogen synthesis by the placenta.

A

Fetal adrenal glands

48
Q

a collection of cellular wastes, bile, fats, mucoproteins, mucopolysaccharides and portions of vernix caseosa accumulates in the intestines and what week

A

Meconium - 16th week of pregnancy

49
Q

lubricating substances that forms on the fetal skin)

A

vernix caseosa

50
Q

is sticky in consistency and appears black or dark green (obtaining its color from bile pigment)

A

Meconium

51
Q

recording that a newborn has passed meconium as this rules out a stricture (non canalization) of the anus.

A

important neonatal nursing responsibility

52
Q

Is GI tract sterile before birth?

A

YES

53
Q

necessary for blood clotting, is synthesized by the action of bacteria in the intestines therefore GI tract is sterile

A

Vitamin K

53
Q

necessary for blood clotting, is synthesized by the action of bacteria in the intestines therefore GI tract is sterile

A

Vitamin K

54
Q

are almost nonexistent in a fetus and are still low in a newborn and is routinely administered intramuscularly at birth.

A

Vitamin K levels

55
Q

when will the sucking and swallowing reflexes mature

A

when fetus is about 32 weeks of gestation or weighs 1,500 g

56
Q

active throughout intrauterine life, functioning as a filter between the incoming blood and fetal circulation and as a deposit site of fetal stores such as iron and glycogen.

A

Liver

57
Q

two serious problems that occur in the fetus 24 hrs after birth because although active, liver function is still immature

A

Hypoglycemia & hyperbilirubinemia

58
Q

if increased the skin will be yellowish.

A

Bilirubin

59
Q

When can fetus be seen moving through ultrasonography

A

11th week

60
Q

When will the quickening start

A

20 weeks of gestation

61
Q

First fetal movement

A

quickening

62
Q

by chromosomal analysis or analysis of fetal cells in the mother’s bloodstream week will the child sex be ascertained

A

8 weeks

63
Q

form in the abdominal cavity and do not descend into the scrotal sac

A

Testes (cryptorchidism)

64
Q

when will the testes descend in the scrotal sac?

A

34th to 38th week of intrauterine life

65
Q

require surgery as they are associated with poor sperm production and possibly testicular cancer later in life.

A

cryptorchidism

66
Q

clears the fetus of waste products therefore the presence of kidneys does not appear to be essential for life before birth

A

Placenta

67
Q

When is the urine formed

A

12th week

68
Q

when is the urine excreted into the amniotic fluid

A

16th week of gestation

69
Q

At term, fetal urine is being secreted at a rate of up to?

A

500 ml/day

70
Q

An amount of amniotic fluid less than usual suggest fetal kidneys, ureter, or bladder disorder.

A

oligohydramnios

71
Q

Normal amniotic fluid

A

800 - 1,200? ml/day

72
Q

more than normal amniotic fluid

A

Polyhydramnios

73
Q

The skin of a fetus appears thin and almost translucent until —— begins to be deposited underneath it at about ——-.

A

Subcutaneous fats, 36 weeks

74
Q

soft downy hair that serve as insulation to preserve warmth in utero

A

lanugo

75
Q

a cream cheese-like substance which is important for lubrication and for keeping the skin from macerating in utero.

A

vernix caseosa

76
Q

—– G maternal antibodies cross the placenta into the fetus as early as the —– and certainly by the —– of intrauterine life.

A

Immunoglobulin, 20th week, 24th week

77
Q

give a fetus temporary passive immunity against diseases for which the mother has antibodies.

A

immunoglobulin

MCN Lecture (6 decks)

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