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MCN Lecture > Assessment of Fetal Development > Flashcards

Assessment of Fetal Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the typical fundal (top of the uterus) measurement at 12 weeks?

A

Over the symphysis pubis

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2
Q

What is the typical fundal (top of the uterus) measurement at 20 weeks?

A

At the umbilical

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3
Q

What is the typical fundal (top of the uterus) measurement at 36 weeks?

A

At the xiphoid process

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4
Q

another symphysis-fundal height measurement (although, again, not documented to be thorough growth

A

McDonald’s rule

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5
Q

A fundal height greater than the standard

A

multiple pregnancy, a miscalculated due date, a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant, hydramnios, or possibly even gestation trophoblastic disease

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6
Q

A fundal height measurement less than suggests

A

falling to thrive (intrauterine growth restriction, the pregnancy length was miscalculated , or an anomaly interfering with growth.)

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7
Q

When do McDonald’s become inaccurate?

A

During the third trimester of pregnancy because the fetus is growing more weight than height.

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8
Q

FHR can be heard in doppler ultrasound during?

A

10-12 weeks of pregnancy

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9
Q

Normal FHR

A

120 -160 or 110 - 160 bpm

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10
Q

FHR is checked during?

A

Every prenatal visit (10 weeks)

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11
Q

FHR can be heard in stethoscpe during?

A

4th lunar month

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12
Q

When do quickening starts?

A

18 - 20 weeks and peak at 28 to 38 weeks

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13
Q

Healthy fetus moves with a degree of consistency of at least

A

10 times per hour

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14
Q

decreases the movements of the fetus

A

Placental insufficiency and poor nutrition

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15
Q

Best position of the mother during sleeping

A

Left lateral Position

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16
Q

measures the response of FHR to fetal movement.

A

nonstress testing

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17
Q

What happened to the FHR if fetus moves?

A

FHR increases about 15 beats/min and remains elevated for 15 seconds.

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18
Q

How long do Nonstress testing lasts?

A

20 minutes

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19
Q

How to know if fetus is reactive of healthy?

A

if there’s two accelerations of FHR by 15bpm and lasts for 15 sec.

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20
Q

What happened if fetus is nonreactive

A

fetal health may be affected if no acceleration occurs with fetal movements.

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21
Q

Means the response of sound waves against solid objects, is a much-used tool for the fetal health assessments.

A

Ultrasonography

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22
Q

When can ultrasonography diagnose pregnancy?

A

as early as 6 weeks

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23
Q

Can ultrasonography confirm the presence, size and location of the placenta and amniotic fluid?

A

YES

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24
Q

Can ultrasonography establish if a fetus is growing and has no gross anomalies such as hydrocephalus, anencephaly, or spinal cord, heart, kidney and bladder concerns

A

YES

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25
Q

Other uses of ultrasonography:

A

Establish the sex if a penis is revealed.
Know presentation and position of the fetus
Predict maturity by measurement of the biparietal; diameter of the head or crown-to-rump measurement.
Discover complications

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26
Q

May be used to detect a retained placenta or poor uterine involution in the new mother.

A

Sonogram

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27
Q

How to prevent supine hypotension

A

Placing a towel under the right buttock to tip her body slightly and so the uterus will roll away from the vena cava.

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28
Q

Why gel at a room temperature is applied during ultrasound?

A

avoid uterine cramping of the abdomen to improve the contact of the transducer.

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29
Q

Can ultrasound be perform in intravaginal technique

A

YES but not necessary

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30
Q

Placentas can be graded by ultrasound based on the particular amount of calcium deposits present in the base.

A

Placental Grading for Maturity

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31
Q

What weeks of pregnancy is with a score of 0?

A

12 to 24 weeks

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32
Q

What weeks of pregnancy is with a score of 1?

A

30 to 32 weeks

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33
Q

What weeks of pregnancy is with a score of 2?

A

36 weeks

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34
Q

What weeks of pregnancy is with a score of 3?

A

38 weeks (fetal lungs are mature)

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35
Q

the total pockets of amniotic fluid revealed by sonogram between 28 and 40 weeks?

A

average 12 to 15 cm

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36
Q

Amounts of Amniotic fluid that is considered as hydramnios

A

20 to 24 cm

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37
Q

Amounts of Amniotic fluid that is considered as oligohydramnios

A

Less than 5 - 6 cm

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38
Q

Parameters of Biophysical Profile combined in one assessment

A

fetal reactivity, fetal breathing movements, fetal body movement, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid volume

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39
Q

Fetal Breathing is in the score of 2 in sonogram if

A

at least one episode of 30 sustained fetal breathing movements within 30 min of observation.

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40
Q

Fetal movement is in the score of 2 in sonogram if

A

at least separate episodes of fetal limb or trunk movement within a 30 min observation

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41
Q

Fetal tone is in the score of 2 in sonogram if

A

the fetus must extend and then flex the extremities or spine at least once in 30 min.

42
Q

Amniotic fluid volume is in the score of 2 in sonogram if

A

a pocket of fluid measuring more than 2 cm in vertical diameter must be present.

43
Q

fetal heart reactivity is in the score of 2 in nonstress test if

A

two or more accelerations of fetal heart rate of 15 bpm lasting 15s or more ff. Fetal movements in a 20min period.

44
Q

What is the fetal score if fetus is healthy

A

8 to 10

45
Q

What is the fetal score of suspicious

A

6

46
Q

What is the fetal score if fetus is potentially in jeopardy

A

4

47
Q

Replace or complement ultrasonography and identify anomalies or soft tissue disorders.

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

48
Q

Invasive Fetal Testing

A

Chorionic Villi Sampling, Amniocentesis, L/S ratio, Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling, Fetoscopy

49
Q

is a biopsy and chromosomal analysis of chorionic villi done at 10 to 20 weeks of pregnancy but rarely necessary

A

Chorionic Villi Sampling

50
Q

Aspiration of amniotic fluid from the pregnant uterus for examination

A

Amniocentesis

51
Q

Meaning of Amniocentesis

A

Amnion - sac, centesis - puncture

52
Q

When is Amniocentesis done

A

14th and 16th weeks so amniotic fluid is generous

53
Q

What to check and attach for Amniocentesis

A

Attach FHR and uterine contraction monitors
and Take BP and FHR levels

54
Q

is done to determine the position of the fetus, loc. Of a pocket of amniotic fluid and the placenta

A

Sonogram

55
Q

How many inches of needle is used in amniocentesis for aspiration?

A

3 - 4 inches

56
Q

How many amniotic fluid is withdrawn during amniocentesis?

A

15mL

57
Q

How many amniotic fluid is withdrawn during amniocentesis?

A

15 mL

58
Q

Amniotic fluid can be analyzed for:

A

AFP, Acetylcholinesterase, Bilirubin determination, Chromosomal analysis, Color of water, Fibronectin, Inborn errors of metabolism

59
Q

rises in high levels if neutral tube anomaly is present

A

Acetylcholinesterase

60
Q

late in pregnancy amniotic fluid will be

A

slightly yellow tinge

61
Q

Strong color of amniotic fluid means

A

blood incompatibility

62
Q

Green color of amniotic fluid means

A

Meconium staining

63
Q

is glycoprotein that plays a part in helping the placenta attach to the uterine decidua.

A

Fibronectin

64
Q

A number of inherited diseases can be detected by amniocentesis

A

Inborn errors of metabolism

65
Q

protein components of the lung enzyme surfactant that the alveoli begin to form at the 22nd and 24th weeks of pregnancy.

A

L/S ratio

66
Q

is the aspiration of blood from umbilical vein for analysis

A

Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling or cordocentesis of funicentesis

67
Q

An invasive exam that can visualize fetus, which can be yet another way to assess fetal well-being.

A

Fetoscopy

68
Q

an extremely narrow, hollow tube inserted by amniocentesis technique

A

Fetoscope

69
Q

Earliest time for a fetoscopy is

A

16th or 17th week.

70
Q

Reasons for fetoscopy

A

Confirm the intactness of the spinal column
Obtain biopsy samples of fetal tissue and fetal blood samples
Determine meconium staining is not present.
Perform elemental surgery.

71
Q

The woman and her partner both spend time recovering from the surprise of learning they are pregnant and concentrate on what it feels like to be pregnant.

A

First trimester task: Accepting the pregnancy

72
Q

A common reaction is ambivalence, or feeling both pleased and not pleased about the pregnancy

A

First trimester task: Accepting the pregnancy

73
Q

The woman and her partner move through emotions such as narcissism and introversion as they concentrate on what it feels like to be a parent, roleplaying and increase dreaming are common

A

Second trimester task: Accepting the fetus

74
Q

As soon as fetal movement can be felt, psychological responses of both partners usually begin to change

A

Second trimester task: Accepting the fetus

75
Q

Prepare clothing and sleeping arrangements for the baby but also grow impatient as they ready themselves for birth.

A

Third trimester task: Preparing for the baby and end of pregnancy

76
Q

Nest building activities and ensuring safe passage

A

Third trimester task: Preparing for the baby and end of pregnancy

77
Q

First symptoms of pregnancy, especially when exposed to cold air

A

Breast Tenderness

78
Q

caused by increased estrogen levels

A

Palmar Erythema or Palmar Pruritus

79
Q

used to sooth palmar erythema

A

Calamine lotion

80
Q

are GI symptoms

A

Nausea, Vomiting, Constipation, Pyrosis

81
Q

caused by increased metabolic requirements

A

Fatigue

82
Q

Cause by decreased serum calcium levels, Increased serum phosphorus levels, Interference with circulation

A

Muscle Cramps

83
Q

This supplement can lower phosphorus level

A

Calcium supplement

84
Q

Symptom that occurs when woman lies on her back and the uterus pressed on vena cava, impairing blood return to heart

A

Supine Hypotension

85
Q

commonly form in pregnancy because the weight of the distended uterus puts pressure on the veins returning from lower extremities.

A

Varicosities

86
Q

Position when you have varicosities

A

Sim position

87
Q

A varicose of rectal veins caused by pressure of veins from the bulk of growing uterus.

A

Hemorrhoids

88
Q

Position to use when you have hemorrhoids

A

Modified sims position and Knee chest position for 10-15 minutes

89
Q

is recommended for pregnant woman with hemorrhoids

A

Docusate sodium (colace)

90
Q

Caused by Circulatory adjustments to accommodate her increased blood supply. Slow movements prevent this from happening

A

Heart Palpitations

91
Q

Happens during early pregnancy when the Uterus presses the anterior bladder and returns in late pregnancy.

A

Frequent Urination

92
Q

strengthen urinary control

A

Kegel’s exercise

93
Q

Many women experience uncomfortable feelings of abdominal pressure in pregnancy. Causes Pride of pregnancy

A

Abdominal Discomfort

94
Q

Increased White viscous vaginal discharge

A

Leukorrhea

95
Q

Minor Body Changes of Pregnancy: The First Trimester

A

Breast Tenderness, Palmar Erythema, Nausea, Vomiting, Constipation, Pyrosis, Fatigue, Muscle Cramps, Supine Hypotension, Varicosities, Hemorrhoids, Heart Palpitations, Frequent Urination, Abdominal Discomfort, Leukorrhea

96
Q

Minor Body Changes: 2nd and 3rd Trimester

A

Muscular/Skeletal Discomfort, Headache, Dyspnea, Ankle Edema, Braxton Hicks Contraction

97
Q

Lumbar lordosis develops; lead to backache

A

Muscular/Skeletal Discomfort

98
Q

Caused by Expanding blood volume put pressure on cerebral arteries

A

Headache

99
Q

Uterus put pressure on the diaphragm lung compression and shortness of breath result

A

Dyspnea

100
Q

Caused by Fluid retention and reduced blood circulation in lower extremities because of uterine pressure.

A

Ankle Edema

101
Q

Begins 8th to 12th week of pregnancy, the uterus periodically contracts and relaxes (Painless contractions)

A

Braxton Hicks Contraction

MCN Lecture (6 decks)

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