Orientation and Gross Anatomy

Question 1

three levels of anatomical structures

Answer 1

Horizontal
Coronal
Sagittal

Question 2

surface of cerebral cortex?

Answer 2

2,500 cm² (~1,300 g)

Question 3

surface of cerebellum

Answer 3

500 cm² (~140 g)

Question 4

brain weigth

Answer 4

1,300- 1,400 g (~ 2% of body weigth)

Question 5

How much energy consumes the Brain? (%)

Answer 5

20 % of body’s energy consumption in adults

Question 6

Basic components of the brain

Answer 6

grey matter (neural cell bodies)
white matter (glia and neural axons)
ventricles (CSF)

Question 7

Main division of the human brain

Answer 7

(A) forebrain (prosencephalon) : cerebrum (telencephalon), thalamus und hypothalamus (diencephalon)
(B) brain stem: midbrain (mesencephalon), pons, medulla oblongata
(C) cerebellum

Question 8

Which areas does the rhombencephalon contain?

Answer 8

pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum

Question 9

how many ventricles contains the brain?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

Where are the Ventricles located?

Answer 10

two lateral ventricles (first and second) in the telencephalon
third ventricle between thalami
fourth ventricle between brain stem and cerebellum

Question 11

What is CSF?

Where is it produced?

Answer 11

Cerebrospinal fluid

by the choroid plexus (vascular structure)
the pia mater

Question 12

Main facts about the CSF

Answer 12

cavities within the brain filled with it
circulates within and around the brain
reabsorbed by entering the dural sinuses
can be obtained for diagnostics (spinal tap)

Question 13

Components of the meninges?

Answer 13

1. dura mater: protection against direct injury
2. arachnoidea: fluid cushion
3. pia mater: production of CSF

Question 14

Forebrain facts? (everything you can remember)

Answer 14

-telencephalon
- two “symmetric” (more or less) hemispheres
- seperated by interhemispheric cleft
- connected by corpus callosum
- sulcus and gyrus / sulci and gyri
–> gyrencephalon of higher mammals (vs. lissencephalon)
2/3 of cerebral cortex in sulci
- extension of surface: 2,500 cm²

Question 15

primary sulci are…

Answer 15

.. identical in all humans
… first to develop
… deepest

Question 16

True/False:

secondary an tertiary sulci are indentical in all humans

Answer 16

False: highly individual

Question 17

Important gyri and sulci?

Answer 17

Interhemispheric cleft ( Fissura longitudinalis cerebri)
Sylvian Fissure ( Fissura lateralis)
central sulcus (“omega shaped hand knob”)
precentral gyrus (primary motor)
postcentral gyrus (primary sensory)
calcarine sulcus (primary visual cortex)
intraparietal sulcus with superior and inferor parietal lobule
transverse gyrus of Heschl (primary auditory)

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

Answer 20