Orientation

Question 1

What is the associated cortex?

Answer 1

well developed in primates and has no defined specialised function. Used for complex functions like interpretation of memory to be fed to prefrontal cortex to help with decision’s.

Question 2

what is the function of the primary motor cortex?

Answer 2

voluntary motor movements

Question 3

use of frontal lobe?

Answer 3

mood behaviour and decision making.

Question 4

what is the primary somatosensory cortex?

Answer 4

receive sensory information

Question 5

what is the occipital lobe for?

Answer 5

Vision processing

Question 6

what is the parietal lobe?

Answer 6

vital for sensory perception and integration. includes the management of taste, hearing, sight, touch and smell. is the home of the primary somatic sensory cortex.

Question 7

what is the temporal lobe important for?

Answer 7

where the hippocampus and special nano sensors are found. is behind the ears and needed for language and memory comprehension.

Question 8

Under normal conditions blood flow between the hemispheres is asymmetrical. whats different in schizophrenia?

Answer 8

blood flow in schizophrenia is even between hemispheres when doing linguistic and special tasks.

Question 9

What are the ventricles of the brain filled with?

Answer 9

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 10

how many ventricles are there in the brain and what are they lined with?

Answer 10

2 lateral, a 3rd and 4th. lined with the choroid plexus. made up of ependymal cells (glial cell) that produce cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 11

what happens to the size of the ventricles in neurogenative diseases such as alzhimers?

Answer 11

cortex shrinkage in alzhimers so there is an expansion of the ventricles to take up missing space of the cortex.

Question 12

What is the reticular activating system?

Answer 12

involved in alerting you from non specific sensory information. involved in processes like the sleep wake cycle and carry information up ascending monoaminergic tracts.

Question 13

what is the extrapyramidal motor control?

Answer 13

fine turning movement.

Question 14

what nuclei are involved in the extrapyramidal system

Answer 14

-caudate nucleus
-putamen
(these two make the striatum)
-globus palidus
-substantia nigra

Question 15

what is the first part of the brain to degenerate in parkinsons disease?

Answer 15

substanita nigra

Question 16

what is Ballismus and its cause?

Answer 16

uncontrolled movement of the limbs. caused by damage to the sub-thalamic nuclei. has a role in suppression of unwanted motor inputs.

Question 17

what is Ballismus and its cause?

Answer 17

uncontrolled movement of the limbs. caused by damage to the sub-thalamic nuclei. has a role in suppression of unwanted motor inputs.

Question 18

what role does the Amygdala have?

Answer 18

involved in emotional response to face recognition and fear learning.

has a big involvement in reward and addiction.

Question 19

Where is noradrenaline synthesised and what does it give rise to?

Answer 19

synthesised in teh locus coeruleus and gives rise to assending long axonal tracts taht innervate the limbic systems in the brain, cortex and thalamus etc.

regulate hormone secretion from pituitary.

Question 20

what are the main dopamine pathways?

Answer 20

Mesolimbic pathway, mesocortical pathway and the nigrostriatal pathway

Question 21

where is 5HT synthesised?

Answer 21

Raphe nuclei. part of the reticular formation of the medulla.

Question 22

what are examples of two amino acid neurotransmitters?

Answer 22

GABA and Glutamate

Question 23

what are methods to image the brain?

Answer 23

computerised tomography (CT), X ray, MRI, diffusion tensor imaging

Question 24

why is diffusion tensor imaging useful for mapping pathways?

Answer 24

can visualise the fibre tracts of the brain and thus can investigate aberrant connectivity.