OrgChem_ARC Flashcards
It is the study of compounds that contain carbon.
Organic Chemistry
Single bond
Sp3
No. of sigma bonds - 4
No. of pi bonds - 0
Angle bet. bonds - 109.5 degrees
Geometry around C-atom - tetrahedral
Double bond
Sp2
No. of sigma bonds - 3
No. of pi bonds - 1
Angle bet. bonds - 120 degrees
Geometry around C-atom - planar
Triple bond
Sp
No. of sigma bonds - 2
No. of pi bonds - 2
Angle bet. bonds - 180 degrees
Geometry around C-atom - linear
Alkane
-ane, R-R
Alkene
-ene, R=R
Alkyne
-yne, R ≡ R
Alcohol
-ol, R-OH
Aldehyde
-al, R-C=O-H
Amine
amine, R-NH2
Amide
amide, R-C=O-NH2
Carboxylic acid
-oic, R-C=O-OH
Ether
ether, R-O-R
Ester
-oate, R-C=O-O-R
Haloalkane
Halo-, R-X
Ketone
-one, R-C=O-R
Alkene plus hydrogen with the presence of metal catalysts produces alkane
Hydrogenation of Alkene
Catalyst used in hydrogenation of alkene
Ni, Pt or Pd poisoned
Alkyl halide reacted with magnesium with presence of dry ether produces alkyl magnesium halide or known as Grignard reagent. Grignard reagent will be hydrolyzed with acidic hydrogens or water which will produce an alkane (R-H) and magnesium hydroxide X (Mg(OH)X).
Hydrolysis of Grignard Reagent
Two molecules of alkyl halide will be reacted with two molecules of metallic sodium thus producing an alkane and two sodium halide (NaX).
Wurtz Reaction
An alkane will be reacted with chlorine/bromine with the presence of light/heat or organic peroxide which will produce an alkyl halide and hydrogen halide.
Halogenation of Alkane
An alcohol will be heated with the presence of strong acids such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or p-toluene sulfonic acid which will produce an alkene.
Dehydration of Alcohol
An alkyl halide will be reacted with a base (KOH) and will produce an alkene, potassium halide and water.
Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halide
A vicinal dihalide will be reacted with zinc dust and will produce an alkene and zinc halide (ZnX2).
Dehalogenation of Vicinal Dihalides
